Table 2.
Sociodemographic associations with positive and negative alcohol expectancies in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 11,868)
| Positive Alcohol Expectancies, Adjusted | Negative Alcohol Expectancies, Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p |
| Age (years) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.14) | < 0.001 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.003 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | reference | reference | ||
| Male | 0.04 (0.00, 0.09) | 0.043 | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) | 0.002 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White non-Latino/Hispanic | reference | reference | ||
| Latino / Hispanic | -0.10 (-0.16, -0.03) | 0.003 | -0.09 (-0.16, -0.02) | 0.012 |
| Black non-Latino/Hispanic | -0.12 (-0.19, -0.05) | < 0.001 | -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04) | 0.002 |
| Asian non-Latino/Hispanic | -0.07 (-0.18, 0.03) | 0.142 | -0.01 (-0.12, 0.09) | 0.803 |
| Native American non-Latino/Hispanic | -0.10 (-0.21, 0.02) | 0.117 | -0.10 (-0.21, 0.02) | 0.090 |
| Other non-Latino/Hispanic | -0.10 (-0.26, 0.06) | 0.235 | -0.10 (-0.27, 0.07) | 0.253 |
| Sexual minority status | ||||
| No | reference | reference | ||
| Yes | 0.31 (0.21, 0.41) | < 0.001 | 0.14 (0.04, 0.24) | 0.006 |
| Maybe | 0.27 (0.17, 0.37) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (-0.02, 0.19) | 0.113 |
| Don’t understand the question | -0.07 (-0.18, 0.04) | 0.219 | -0.06 (-0.18, 0.06) | 0.312 |
| Decline to answer | 0.12 (-0.06, 0.29) | 0.193 | 0.10 (-0.07, 0.28) | 0.246 |
| Household income | ||||
| $200,000 and greater | reference | reference | ||
| $100,000 to $199,999 | -0.12 (-0.20, -0.03) | 0.005 | 0.00 (-0.09, 0.08) | 0.948 |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | -0.10 (-0.19, -0.01) | 0.024 | -0.04 (-0.13, 0.05) | 0.335 |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | -0.14 (-0.22, -0.05) | 0.003 | -0.09 (-0.18, 0.00) | 0.048 |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | -0.13 (-0.22, -0.04) | 0.005 | -0.05 (-0.15, 0.04) | 0.266 |
| $24,999 or less | -0.18 (-0.28, -0.07) | < 0.001 | -0.19 (-0.29, -0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Parents’ highest education | ||||
| College education or more | reference | reference | ||
| High school education or less | -0.12 (-0.18, -0.06) | < 0.001 | -0.21 (-0.28, -0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Parents’ marital status | ||||
| Married/partnered | reference | reference | ||
| Not married/unpartnered/single | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10) | 0.042 | 0.02 (-0.03, 0.07) | 0.495 |
| Child religiosity | ||||
| Religious | reference | reference | ||
| Not religious | 0.14 (0.09, 0.18) | < 0.001 | 0.01 (-0.04, 0.05) | 0.772 |
Bold indicates p < 0.05. ABCD propensity weights were applied based on the American Community Survey from the US Census. All models include age, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, household income, parent education, parent marital status, child religiosity, and study site.