Table 3.
Associations between other related questions and knowledge, attitudes, and intentions
| Personal characteristics | All knowledge | Knowledge of ACP and AD | Knowledge of PDSA | Attitude of goal for ACP and AD | Attitude of barrier to ACP and AD | Attitude of PSDA | Importance of ACP | Intention to sign | Intention to life-support treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Most” want to discuss your end-of-life wishes with whom | 0.076 | 0.235 | 0.079 | 1.644 | 1.978 | 4.709* | 2.717 | 4.079* | 3.697* |
| None | 2.13 | 0.69 | 1.44 | 44.87 | 45.63 | 42.38 | 35.44 | 16.81 | 9.98 |
| Healthcare professionals | 2.59 | 0.86 | 1.73 | 46.09 | 49.14 | 48.27 | 40.58 | 19.70 | 12.21 |
| Family member | 2.39 | 0.67 | 1.72 | 48.06 | 44.79 | 45.38 | 38.94 | 19.88 | 10.56 |
| Post Hoc | 2 > 1 | 3 > 1 | |||||||
| Most” prefer to undergo Advance Care Planning (ACP) at which time | 1.278 | 1.735 | 0.953 | 1.091 | 1.785 | 4.214** | 1.675 | 1.285 | 1.812 |
| When health | 2.46 | 0.74 | 1.72 | 47.51 | 43.84 | 44.38 | 38.79 | 19.87 | 10.84 |
| When kidney function starts to decline | 1.53 | 0.42 | 1.11 | 45.95 | 46.40 | 42.84 | 36.26 | 18.45 | 9.47 |
| When kidney function deteriorates and requires dialysis | 1.45 | 0.36 | 1.09 | 47.45 | 45.45 | 46.45 | 39.45 | 19.07 | 10.82 |
| When other severe complications start to arise | 3.71 | 1.21 | 2.50 | 48.46 | 47.86 | 49.07 | 41.29 | 20.53 | 11.63 |
| When in a life-threatening situation | 2.00 | 0.44 | 1.56 | 42.88 | 50.89 | 46.51 | 40.78 | 17.78 | 11.74 |
| Post Hoc | 4 > 1, 2 | ||||||||
| Believe that Advance Care Planning (ACP) should be initiated by whom “most”? | 8.660*** | 6.643** | 8.973*** | 1.100 | 1.138 | 3.294* | 2.437 | 2.390 | 1.266 |
| Patient himself/herself | 3.84 | 1.06 | 2.78 | 47.84 | 45.64 | 46.46 | 40.46 | 20.36 | 11.08 |
| Nephrologist | 1.19 | 0.33 | 0.87 | 46.98 | 45.14 | 44.34 | 37.65 | 18.72 | 10.50 |
| Others | 2.13 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 43.63 | 50.25 | 49.01 | 38.86 | 19.84 | 12.00 |
| Post Hoc | 1 > 2 | 1 > 2 | 1 > 2 | ||||||
| Whom do you want to designate as your healthcare proxy?t | |||||||||
| Spouse | 0.317 | -0.776 | 0.796 | 0.665 | 0.379 | 1.196 | 0.938 | -1.119 | 0.698 |
| Yes | 2.43 | 0.63 | 1.81 | 47.46 | 46.01 | 46.02 | 39.31 | 19.11 | 10.97 |
| No | 2.23 | 0.79 | 1.44 | 46.58 | 45.39 | 44.74 | 38.17 | 19.91 | 10.61 |
| Children | -1.122 | -1.153 | -1.031 | -0.863 | 1.708 | 0.267 | -0.774 | 1.215 | -0.751 |
| Yes | 1.98 | 0.58 | 1.41 | 46.50 | 47.12 | 45.60 | 38.34 | 19.90 | 10.62 |
| No | 2.69 | 0.82 | 1.88 | 47.63 | 44.38 | 45.32 | 39.27 | 19.04 | 11.00 |
| Siblings | 1.863 | 1.315 | 2.019 | 3.175** | -2.253* | 3.737** | 2.864** | 1.827 | 0.470 |
| Yes | 4.18 | 1.12 | 3.06 | 52.24 | 41.14 | 49.29 | 43.11 | 21.12 | 11.12 |
| No | 2.06 | 0.63 | 1.43 | 46.28 | 46.44 | 44.88 | 38.15 | 19.22 | 10.76 |
| Friend | 1.055 | 0.977 | 1.019 | 0.082 | -1.203 | 9.775*** | 0.040 | -0.340 | 0.584 |
| Yes | 5.00 | 1.50 | 3.50 | 47.50 | 38.00 | 52.50 | 39.00 | 18.50 | 12.00 |
| No | 2.30 | 0.69 | 1.61 | 47.06 | 45.86 | 45.35 | 38.80 | 19.48 | 10.79 |
| Others | -2.165* | -0.812 | -2.657* | -2.131* | 0.086 | -1.970 | -2.637** | -2.066* | -0.297 |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 43.27 | 45.93 | 42.60 | 34.53 | 17.47 | 10.60 |
| No | 2.52 | 0.73 | 1.79 | 47.57 | 45.71 | 45.83 | 39.37 | 19.73 | 10.84 |
| How much are you willing to pay out-of-pocket for participating in Advance Care Planning (ACP)? (US dollars) | 0.673 | 0.492 | 0.997 | 4.514** | 1.715 | 4.123** | 2.640* | 1.248 | 2.283 |
| 33 | 2.14 | 0.69 | 1.45 | 45.82 | 45.38 | 44.15 | 37.88 | 19.18 | 10.31 |
| 66 | 3.78 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 53.44 | 44.44 | 49.00 | 42.10 | 21.78 | 11.33 |
| 99 | 2.92 | 0.92 | 2.00 | 51.15 | 46.28 | 50.38 | 42.46 | 20.92 | 12.69 |
| 165 | 5.00 | 1.50 | 3.50 | 49.50 | 32.00 | 52.00 | 45.00 | 20.87 | 9.00 |
| 197 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 35.00 | 57.00 | 49.00 | 37.00 | 18.00 | 14.69 |
| 263 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 58.00 | 36.17 | 46.00 | 47.92 | 22.00 | 10.50 |
| Post Hoc | |||||||||
| Believe that the “Advance Care Planning (ACP) consultation fees” should be paid by whom: | 4.684** | 5.241** | 3.830** | 0.727 | 1.666 | 3.725** | 1.407 | 3.947** | 3.338* |
| Pay in full by oneself | 4.18 | 1.36 | 2.82 | 48.00 | 41.82 | 49.18 | 38.45 | 21.00 | 8.73 |
| Fully covered by National Health Insurance | 1.98 | 0.56 | 1.42 | 46.61 | 45.56 | 43.72 | 38.04 | 18.74 | 10.34 |
| Fully subsidized by the government | 0.69 | 0.14 | 0.55 | 45.89 | 47.28 | 45.14 | 38.30 | 18.53 | 11.71 |
| Fully funded by a charitable foundation | 6.00 | 1.67 | 4.33 | 46.67 | 55.67 | 47.33 | 36.00 | 17.00 | 11.67 |
| Shared equally between oneself and relevant parties | 3.74 | 1.22 | 2.52 | 49.00 | 44.98 | 47.87 | 41.48 | 21.70 | 11.62 |
| Post Hoc | 5 > 2 | ||||||||
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
***P < 0.001
tt-test