TABLE 2.
Mean ± SD for the MDF of VMO, VLO, and RF; iEMG of VMO, VLO, and RF; and NME of VMO, VLO, and RF, at baseline, 48 h before (Pre), and 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after HM for the PLG and PSG.
| Baseline | Pre | 0 h | 3 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDF of VMO | †* | † | † | |||||
| PLG | 60.81 ± 5.78 | 61.03 ± 5.98 | 54.63 ± 2.66 | 54.63 ± 2.66 | 54.34 ± 4.53 | 56.78 ± 4.77 | 57.29 ± 4.64 | 54.63 ± 2.66 |
| PSG | 55.45 ± 7.30 | 55.36 ± 7.63 | 55.50 ± 6.66 | 56.55 ± 7.80 | 56.40 ± 5.25 | 56.85 ± 4.63 | 57.83 ± 8.76 | 58.03 ± 6.10 |
| MDF of VLO | ||||||||
| PLG | 59.19 ± 5.05 | 59.25 ± 5.24 | 60.19 ± 5.50 | 60.03 ± 6.07 | 61.43 ± 7.53 | 61.96 ± 6.60 | 62.45 ± 5.14 | 62.10 ± 4.05 |
| PSG | 61.19 ± 6.47 | 61.28 ± 6.31 | 58.98 ± 6.99 | 60.09 ± 7.99 | 57.35 ± 6.80 | 57.45 ± 3.82 | 57.58 ± 10.13 | 62.35 ± 5.71 |
| MDF of RF | ||||||||
| PLG | 63.45 ± 5.77 | 63.53 ± 5.74 | 65.16 ± 8.96 | 63.34 ± 5.72 | 63.53 ± 8.65 | 65.63 ± 7.77 | 66.28 ± 10.76 | 64.74 ± 8.07 |
| PSG | 66.38 ± 10.65 | 66.59 ± 10.73 | 65.36 ± 10.23 | 64.21 ± 13.15 | 63.54 ± 8.28 | 65.20 ± 11.21 | 64.36 ± 10.39 | 65.33 ± 13.28 |
| iEMG of VMO | † | †* | †* | †* | * | |||
| PLG | 750.88 ± 312.29 | 751.13 ± 321.97 | 616.13 ± 252.12 | 550.13 ± 219.55 | 563.25 ± 211.54 | 651.38 ± 246.53 | 692.00 ± 281.89 | 706.75 ± 270.41 |
| PSG | 750.25 ± 415.63 | 750.38 ± 419.59 | 688.13 ± 357.73 | 700.13 ± 377.13 | 703.75 ± 379.21 | 755.75 ± 403.15 | 770.25 ± 415.85 | 772.00 ± 411.99 |
| iEMG of VLO | ||||||||
| PLG | 796.00 ± 283.30 | 794.00 ± 281.47 | 768.00 ± 282.11 | 693.13 ± 418.97 | 783.88 ± 267.67 | 910.38 ± 492.08 | 980.63 ± 544.82 | 1,084.50 ± 558.79 |
| PSG | 665.25 ± 279.94 | 665.75 ± 278.48 | 735.38 ± 438.18 | 691.75 ± 432.36 | 843.50 ± 427.00 | 872.50 ± 477.92 | 927.88 ± 445.32 | 910.13 ± 528.12 |
| iEMG of RF | ||||||||
| PLG | 828.13 ± 287.86 | 827.63 ± 287.96 | 701.25 ± 235.22 | 612.38 ± 301.80 | 679.25 ± 200.47 | 752.75 ± 293.59 | 794.88 ± 332.49 | 842.50 ± 288.85 |
| PSG | 897.75 ± 381.98 | 884.13 ± 403.84 | 903.75 ± 522.20 | 720.38 ± 380.56 | 956.50 ± 560.28 | 953.50 ± 519.44 | 1,029.88 ± 646.93 | 970.13 ± 460.85 |
| NME of VMO | ||||||||
| PLG | 0.35 ± 0.21 | 0.35 ± 0.22 | 0.35 ± 0.18 | 0.33 ± 0.15 | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.31 ± 0.16 | 0.31 ± 0.18 | 0.33 ± 0.19 |
| PSG | 0.33 ± 0.22 | 0.32 ± 0.23 | 0.32 ± 0.21 | 0.31 ± 0.21 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.31 ± 0.20 | 0.31 ± 0.22 | 0.32 ± 0.22 |
| NME of VLO | ||||||||
| PLG | 0.30 ± 0.10 | 0.30 ± 0.11 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.17 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 0.21 ± 0.08 |
| PSG | 0.32 ± 0.12 | 0.32 ± 0.13 | 0.28 ± 0.12 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.08 |
| NME of RF | ||||||||
| PLG | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 0.30 ± 0.16 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.39 | 0.36 ± 0.27 | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.08 |
| PSG | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.04 |
MDF, median power frequency; VMO, vastus medialis oblique; VLO, vastus lateralis oblique; RF, rectus femoris; iEMG, integrated electromyography; HM, half-marathon; PLG, placebo group; PSG, Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 group; NME, neuromuscular efficiency. † indicates a significant change from Pre to post time points in the PLG; * indicates a significant difference between the PLG and PSG at the same time point. p < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference within and between groups.