Table 2.

The role of nutritional antioxidants in Adrenal hormone function.

Nutritional Antioxidant	Role in Adrenal Hormone Function	Reference
Vitamin C	- Supports the production of androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids - Serves as a cofactor in the process by which cholesterol is transformed into pregnenolone	(103)
Vitamin E	- Protects adrenal cells from oxidative stress - Possibly plays a function in regulating cortisol levels	(197)
Carotenoids	- Carotenoids contained in several foods, beta-carotene and lycopene, act as antioxidants - Aiding in the reduction of oxidative stress in the adrenal glands	(10)
Selenium	Important in the synthesis of selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase, which protects adrenal cells from oxidative damage.	(144)
Zinc	- Zinc is required for the synthesis, release, and general function of adrenal hormones - As an antioxidant, it protects cells from oxidative stress.	(198)
Polyphenols	Reduce oxidative damage and inflammation in the adrenal glands to help with adrenal hormone balance.	(161)
Coenzyme Q10	- Plays a critical function in the cellular energy production process - Supports the overall function of the adrenal glands and may lessen oxidative stress.	(179)
Probiotics	- Indirectly altering adrenal hormone balance and encouraging optimal function by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.	(199)