Table 5.
Characteristics of patients within the human development index (HDI) groups.
| Low to medium HDI | High-HDI | Very- high#HDI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | n=48 | n=126 | n=1985 | P |
| Age, median (IQR) | 48 (35–63) | 54 (36–64) | 65 (55–72) | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 23 (48) | 50 (40) | 863 (44) | 0.574 |
| BMI kg/m2, median (IQR) | 23 (22–27) | 25 (22–27) | 26 (23–29) | 0.113 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 3 (6) | 15 (12) | 211 (11) | 0.553 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10 (21) | 21 (17) | 337 (17) | 0.776 |
| Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 21 (44) | 86 (68) | 1678 (68) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis B or C, n (%) | 4 (8) | 28 (14) | 162 (8) | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 5 (10) | 9 (7) | 145 (7) | 0.714 |
| COPD/Asthma, n (%) | 2 (4) | 6 (5) | 144 (7) | 0.418 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 21 (44) | 86 (68) | 1678 (85) | <0.001 |
| Complexity of liver surgery, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.6 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Minimally invasive approach, n (%) | 18 (38) | 32 (25) | 464 (23) | <0.001 |
| Operation duration in min., median (IQR) | 360 (251–492) | 300 (205–360) | 214 (150–300) | <0.001 |
| Blood transfusion units, mean, (SD) | 0.9 (2) | 0.5 (1) | 0.3 (1) | 0.007 |
| Extubated in the operation room, n (%) | 39 (89) | 78 (71) | 1317 (81) | 0.018 |
| Complication of any severity, 90 days | 28 (58) | 51 (41) | 833 (42) | 0.070 |
| Grade ≥3a complication, 90 days | 48 (19) | 126 (10) | 1985 (16) | 0.195 |
| Grade ≥3b complication, 90 days | 4 (8) | 7 (6) | 159 (8) | 0.607 |
| CCI until 90 days postoperatively, median (IQR) | 9 (0–21) | 0 (0–11) | 0 (0–21) | 0.074 |
| Intensive care unit stay, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.133 |
| Hospital stay in days, median (IQR) | 8 (5–9) | 10 (6–15) | 8 (5–11) | 0.214 |
| Mortality rate, 90 days, n (%) | 6 (13) | 8 (7) | 68 (4) | 0.004 |
Statistically significant values are in bold.