Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population stratified for healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–November 2021, n = 12,085 participants).

	Healthcare workers (n = 2,750)		Non-healthcare workers (n = 9,335)
	Mean or %	SD or n	Mean or %	SD or n
Sex (% female/n)*	91.7	2,523	47.6	4,447
Age (in years) (mean/SD)*	50.9	9.2	51.8	8.2
18–35 (%/n)	8.9	244	4.9	458
36–50 (%/n)	29.7	816	31.5	2,944
51–67 (%/n)	61.5	1,690	63.6	5,933
Education level (%/n)*
Low	4.4	120	13.9	1,301
Middle	46.9	1,289	39.3	3,670
High	48.8	1,341	46.7	4,364
Household composition (%/n)
Living alone	8	219	8.7	813
Living with child(ren)	1.3	36	1.4	131
Living with adult(s)	55.3	1,520	54.8	5,116
Living with child(ren) and adult(s)	34.6	951	33.9	3,164
Living together but unknown with whom	0.9	24	1.2	111
Employment contract during COVID-19 pandemic (%/n)*
Permanent	81.5	2,242	73.8	6,886
Temporary	7.5	207	14.9	1,388
Both permanent and temporary	10.9	301	11.4	1,061
Working hours per week (mean/SD)*	26.1	7.8	32.4	9.9
Occupational class (%/n)*
High-skilled white-collar	77.2	2,124	54.6	5,099
Low-skilled white-collar	22.8	626	29.5	2,754
High-skilled blue-collar	–	–	8.1	759
Low-skilled blue-collar	–	–	7.7	723
Chronic health condition(s) (% yes/n)*	30.4	836	26.9	2,512
Chronic psychological illness (% yes/n)*	2.2	61	1.6	145
COVID-19 test result1 (% positive/n)*	10.5	289	7.9	741
COVID-19 vaccination (% yes/n)*	88.3	2,429	79.1	7,386

¹In at least one of the questionnaire rounds.

^* Statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference of the characteristic between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers tested with independent-samples t-test and chi-square test.

SD, standard deviation.