. 2023 Dec 14;18(12):e0295759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295759

Table 1. Demographic findings of infants with the diagnosis of HIE born ≥36 weeks of gestational age.

Variables	Total (N = 965)	HIE stages based on Modified Sarnat Scoring System			p
Variables	Total (N = 965)	Mild HIE (Stage 1) (n = 246)	Moderate HIE (Stage 2) (n = 568)	Severe HIE (Stage 3) (n = 151)	p
Gestational age (w) ^*	38.9 ± 1.4	38.9 ± 1.4	38.8 ± 1.4	38.7 ± 1.3	0.378^w
Birth weight (g) ^*	3219 ± 504	3256 ± 512	3206 ± 479	3210 ± 584	0.413^w
Maternal age (y) ^*	28.0 ± 5.9	27.3 ± 5.9	28.3 ± 5.9	28.3 ± 6.0	0.075^w
Sex (male) ^‡	557 (57.7)	135 (54.9)	333 (58.6)	89 (58.9)	0.578^y
Place of birth ^‡ Inborn Outborn Home	517 (53.6) 443 (45.9) 5 (0.5)	156 (63.4)^a 89 (36.2)^a 1 (0.4)^a,b	289 (50.9)^b 278 (48.9)^b 1 (0.2)^b	72 (47.7)^b 76 (50.3)^b 3 (2)^a	<0.001^z
Type of delivery (NVD) ^‡	553 (57.3)	142 (57.7)^a.b	341 (60)^a	70 (46.4)^b	0.01^y
APGAR scores^š 1^st min (n = 965) 5^th min (n = 965) 10^th min (n = 537) 15^th min (n = 236) 20^th min (n = 207)	4 (1–2) 6 (5–6) 7 (5–8) 7 (6–8) 7 (7–9)	5 (4–6)^a 7 (6–8)^a 8 (7–9)^a 8 (8–10)^a 9 (8–10)^a	4 (3–5)^b 6 (5–7)^b 7 (6–8)^b 7 (6–8)^b 8 (7–9)^b	1 (1–3)^c 4 (3–5)^c 5 (4–6)^c 6 (5–7)^c 7 (5–7.5)^c	<0.001^x <0.001^x <0.001^x <0.001^x <0.001^x
Resuscitation at DR ^‡	804 (83.3)	176 (71.5)^a	483 (85)^b	145 (96)^c	<0.001^y
Duration of resuscitation (n = 804)(min)^š	2 (1–5)	1 (1–2)^a	2 (1–3)^b	5 (2–10)^c	<0.001^x
Underlying etiologies^‡ *Antepartum (maternal/fetal)* Maternal diabetes Maternal hypertension Intrauterine growth restriction *Intrapartum* Meconium-stained amniotic fluid Umbilical cord compression *Postpartum* Meconium aspiration syndrome *Unknown*	239 (24.8) 42/140 (30) 13/140 (9.3) 18/123 (14.6) 398 (41.2) 173 (43.5) 77 (19.3) 99 (10.3) 63 (63.6) 229 (23.7)	66 (26.8) 15/42 (35.7) 3/42 (7.1) 4/29 (13.8) 87 (35.4) 41 (47.1) 14 (16.1) 22 (8.9)^a,b 16 (72.7) 71 (28.9)	135 (23.8) 23/75 (30.7) 10/75 (13.3) 12/73 (16.4) 243 (42.8) 100 (41.1) 50 (20.6) 52 (9.2)^a 33 (63.5) 138 (24.3)	38 (25.2) 4/23 (17.4) 0/23 (0) 2/21 (9.5) 68 (45) 32 (47) 13 (19.1) 25 (16.6)^b 14 (56) 20 (13.2)	0.195^y 0.644^y 0.084^y 0.021^y

Data given as: ^*mean ± SD, ^‡number (%), ^šmedian (IQR). w:One Way ANOVA test, x:Kruskal Wallis H test, y:Chi-square test, z:Fisher-exact test.

Each subscript ^a,b,c letter denotes a subset of HIE categories whose column proprotions do not significantly from each other at the 0.05 level..

DR: delivery room; HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; NVD: normal vaginal delivery; PPV: positive pressure ventilation.