TABLE 1.
Demographic and pregnancy characteristics of study participants and gestational weight change across characteristics by pre-pregnancy BMI status, n=46042.
| Index Pregnancy Characteristicsa | Pre-pregnancy BMI Status, kg/m2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 18·5 | 18·5 – 24·9 | 25·0 – 29·9 | ≥ 30·0 | |
| Gestational Weight Change, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Overall | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·8) | 6·5 (7·2) |
| Age, years | ||||
| < 20 | 10·5 (4·1) | 10·0 (4·8) | 9·4 (6·3) | 8·0 (8·4) |
| 20–24 | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·8 (4·4) | 8·9 (5·8) | 6·9 (7·1) |
| 25–29 | 10·3 (4·1) | 9·6 (4·4) | 8·7 (5·6) | 6·3 (7·1) |
| 30–34 | 10·3 (3·7) | 9·4 (4·6) | 8·7 (5·5) | 6·4 (7·2) |
| ≥ 35 | 9·7 (4) | 9·2 (4·5) | 7·9 (5·8) | 5·6 (7·1) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 10·6 (3·9) | 9·8 (4·3) | 8·8 (5·5) | 5·7 (7·1) |
| Black | 10·1 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·7) | 8·7 (6·0) | 7·0 (7·3) |
| Puerto Rican | 10·8 (4·4) | 9·1 (4·8) | 8·2 (5·5) | 5·8 (7·1) |
| Other | 10·3 (4·1) | 9·9 (4·6) | 9·4 (6·3) | 6·2 (7·5) |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 10·6 (4·0) | 9·9 (4·6) | 9·3 (6·1) | 6·5 (7·7) |
| 1 | 10·1 (3·9) | 9·6 (4·4) | 8·8 (5·9) | 6·5 (7·1) |
| 2 | 10·3 (4·0) | 9·6 (4·4) | 8·7 (5·6) | 6·3 (7·4) |
| 3 | 10·2 (4·1) | 9·6 (4·4) | 8·5 (5·8) | 6·0 (6·6) |
| ≥ 4 | 10·3 (4·1) | 9·8 (4·7) | 8·5 (5·7) | 6·6 (7·3) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 10·0 (4·2) | 9·7 (4·8) | 9·2 (6·2) | 7·9 (7·6) |
| Married/common law | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·4) | 8·6 (5·7) | 6·3 (7·1) |
| Other | 11·5 (4·1) | 10·1 (5·1) | 9·0 (6·1) | 6·4 (7·5) |
| Smokingb, cigarettes per day | ||||
| Non-smoking | 10·6 (4·1) | 9·8 (4·5) | 8·9 (5·8) | 6·7 (7·0) |
| 1–4 | 10·4 (4·1) | 10 (4·6) | 9·0 (6·0) | 7·2 (7·7) |
| 5–9 | 10·4 (4·1) | 9·9 (4·6) | 9·0 (6·0) | 6·4 (7·7) |
| 10–19 | 10·1 (4·0) | 9·5 (4·4) | 8·5 (5·4) | 5·8 (7·1) |
| ≥20 | 10·2 (3·8) | 9·4 (4·5) | 8·0 (5·5) | 5·1 (7·7) |
| Income, annual USD | ||||
| ≤1999 | 10·6 (4·2) | 9·8 (4·8) | 8·9 (6·0) | 7·0 (7·6) |
| 2000–3999 | 10·3 (4·1) | 9·7 (4·6) | 8·8 (5·9) | 6·6 (7·2) |
| 4000–5999 | 10·6 (3·9) | 9·8 (4·3) | 8·4 (5·5) | 6·1 (7·1) |
| 6000–7999 | 10·2 (3·6) | 9·6 (4·3) | 9·1 (5·7) | 6·0 (7·2) |
| 8000–9999 | 9·9 (3·8) | 9·5 (4·1) | 7·9 (5·2) | 4·9 (6·2) |
| ≥10000 | 10·0 (3·8) | 9·8 (4·3) | 8·0 (5·5) | 5·6 (7·0) |
| Education | ||||
| <High School | 10·5 (4·3) | 9·7 (4·9) | 8·0 (5·7) | 6·3 (7·2) |
| Some high school | 10·7 (4·0) | 9·9 (4·6) | 9·1 (6) | 6·7 (7·4) |
| High School Graduate | 10·2 (3·9) | 9·8 (4·4) | 8·8 (5·7) | 6·3 (7·1) |
| Some College | 9·9 (3·5) | 9·3 (4·0) | 8·8 (5·3) | 6·2 (6·7) |
| Prior Pregnancy Loss | ||||
| No | 10·3 (3·9) | 9·6 (4·4) | 8·6 (5·7) | 6·3 (7·1) |
| Yes | 10·5 (4·1) | 9·8 (4·6) | 8·8 (5·9) | 6·6 (7·4) |
| Preexisting diabetesc | ||||
| No | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·8) | 6·4 (7·2) |
| Yes | 9·3 (3·0) | 8·2 (4·5) | 7·8 (5·2) | 7·3 (7·6) |
| Preexisting cardiovascular conditionsd | ||||
| No | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·7) | 6·5 (7·2) |
| Yes | 10·1 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·7) | 8·7 (6·2) | 6·3 (7·3) |
| Preexisting respiratory conditionse | ||||
| No | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·8) | 6·4 (7·2) |
| Yes | 10·0 (4·1) | 9·4 (4·7) | 8·5 (5·4) | 6·7 (7·2) |
| Preexisting renal conditions | ||||
| No | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·8) | 6·5 (7·2) |
| Yesf | 10·4 (4·1) | 9·7 (4·6) | 8·7 (5·8) | 5·9 (7·3) |
| Preexisting neurological conditionsg | ||||
| No | 10·3 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·8 (5·8) | 6·6 (7·2) |
| Yes | 10·7 (4·3) | 9·8 (4·7) | 8·3 (5·7) | 5·6 (7·3) |
| Preexisting cancer/tumors | ||||
| No | 10·4 (4·0) | 9·7 (4·5) | 8·7 (5·8) | 6·5 (7·3) |
| Yesh | 10·6 (4·0) | 9·5 (4·4) | 8·3 (5·6) | 5·6 (7·0) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; USD, United States dollars.
Missing data: total weight change n=6284; age, n=2; pre-pregnancy BMI, n=5353; parity n=1645; marital status, n=5; smoking, n=1612; income, n=4773; education, n=2415; prior pregnancy loss, n=1380; Preexisting diabetes, n=661; Preexisting cardiovascular conditions, n=717; Preexisting respiratory conditions, n=717; Preexisting renal conditions, n=717; Preexisting neurological conditions, n=717; Preexisting cancer/tumors, n=717.
Categories determined according to quartiles among smokers.
Type unknown.
Cardiovascular conditions included hypertension, rheumatic fever, and any other cardiovascular diseases.
Respiratory conditions included tuberculosis, asthma, other chronic pulmonary diseases, and other conditions requiring thoracic surgery.
Renal conditions included pyelitis, glomerulonephritis and other conditions requiring kidney, urinary, or bladder surgery.
Neurological conditions included neuromuscular diseases, convulsive disorders, psychosis, alcohol or drug addiction, or other neurological diseases.
Cancer and tumors included any history of cancer, and gastrointestinal, kidney, urinary, bladder, or gynecological tumors.