(A and B) The Cell Titer Glo assay shows that the ADORA2A antagonist SCH58261 restrains the proliferation of LASCPC-01 (A) and LNCaP/AR-shRB1/TP53 (B) NEPC cells in vitro (n = 4 biological replicates/group). (C and D) SCH58261 exerts no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of VCaP (C) cells and LNCaP/AR (D) ADPC cells in vitro (n = 4 biological replicates/group). (E and F) The in vivo tumor growth curves (E) and the endpoint tumors (F) derived from TRAMP-C1 (TC1) cells that were treated with either vehicle and SCH58261 (vehicle, n = 10; SCH58261, n = 6; Cells were subcutaneously injected into 6-week-old male BALB/c nude hosts). (G and H) The in vivo tumor growth curves (G) and the endpoint tumors (H) derived from Myc-CaP cells that were treated with either vehicle and SCH58261 (vehicle, n = 14; SCH58261, n = 14; Cells were s.c. inoculated into 6-week-old male FVB hosts). (I and J) The in vivo tumor growth curves (I) and the endpoint tumors (J) derived from LASCPC-01 cells that were treated with either vehicle and SCH58261 (vehicle, n = 13; SCH58261, n = 13; cells were s.c. injected into 6-week-old male BALB/c nude mice). (K and L) The in vivo tumor growth curves (I) and the endpoint tumors (J) derived from NCI-H146 cells that were treated with either vehicle and SCH58261 (vehicle, n = 5; SCH58261, n = 7; cells were s.c. injected into 6-week-old male BALB/c nude hosts). Student’s t test was used in A–D, E, G, I, and K. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. The SCH58261 powder was dissolved in 3% DMSO, 10% HS-15, and 87% saline solution. 3 mg/kg SCH58261 was i.p. administered to each mouse every other day.