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Mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the host cell leading to membrane fusion between the viral membrane with the host cell membrane. A. Attachment of a viral SARS-CoV-2 particle via the S1 subunit. B. Cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. C. Activation of the S2 domain and attachment to the host cell membrane. D. Fusion of viral and host membranes, which releases the viral components into the host cell and leads to infection. (created with BioRender.com).
