Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (N=339)
| Variables | Women without fractures (N=273) | Women with fractures (N=66) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 57.0 (53.0–61.0) | 63.0 (59.0–69.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Height (cm) | 157.0 (154.0–160.2) | 154.6 (150.8–157.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Weight (kg) | 56.1 (52.7–60.7) | 58.9 (53.0–63.7) | 0.054 |
|
| |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 (21.4–24.9) | 24.5 (22.0–27.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Current smoker | 4 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | >0.999 |
|
| |||
| Alcohol intake ≥3 U/day | 8 (2.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0.830 |
|
| |||
| Premature menopause | 14 (5.1) | 4 (6.1) | >0.999 |
|
| |||
| Parental history of hip fracture | 13 (4.8) | 6 (9.1) | 0.283 |
|
| |||
| Corrected calcium concentration (mg/dL)a) | 8.8 (8.5–9.0) | 8.7 (8.5–9.1) | 0.704 |
|
| |||
| Fracture | 0 (0.0) | 66 (100.0) | |
| Vertebral fracture | 0 (0.0) | 37 (56.1) | |
| Non-vertebral fracture | 0 (0.0) | 29 (4.9) | |
|
| |||
| FRAX probabilityb) | 4.2 (3.6–5.2) | 6.0 (4.6–8.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| LS-BMD (g/cm2) | 0.952 (0.909–1.018) | 0.877 (0.767–0.929) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| FN-BMD (g/cm2) | 0.800 (0.741–0.849) | 0.720 (0.673–0.813) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| TBS | 1.421 (1.380–1.459) | 1.365 (1.328–1.416) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| S1P level (μmol/L) | 2.70 (2.56–2.84) | 3.26 (2.98–3.55) | 0.001 |
The data is presented as mean (interquartile range) or N (%).
P<0.05 is statically significant. Bold values indicate statistical significance.
Corrected calcium concentration (mg/dL)=total calcium concentration (mg/dL)+0.8×[4.0 g/dL–serum albumin concentration (g/dL)].
The 10 year probability of major osteoporotic fracture was calculated using CRFs and FN-BMD by FRAX. Included CRFs were age, sex, weight, height, previous fracture, parental history of hip fracture, current smoking, pre-menopause as a cause of secondary osteoporosis, and alcohol intake (≥3 U/day). Subjects who used glucocorticoids or who had rheumatoid arthritis or another cause of secondary osteoporosis except for pre-menopause were excluded, therefore, questions about these CRFs were answered as “no”.
BMI, body mass index; CRFs, clinical risk factors; FRAX, fracture risk assessment tool; LS-BMD, bone mineral density at the lumbar spine; FN-BMD, bone mineral density at the femur neck; TBS, trabecular bone score; S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate.