Table 1. Baseline characteristics and angiographic data.
| Patient characteristics | All lesions (n=68) | Non-CMD (n=39) | CMD (n=29) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years old) | 69±11 | 71±10 | 68±13 | 0.258 |
| Male/female, n (%) | 60 (88.2)/8 (11.8) | 34 (87.2)/5 (12.8) | 26 (89.7)/3 (10.3) | >0.99 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.352 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 33 (48.5) | 21 (53.8) | 12 (41.4) | 0.440 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 53 (77.9) | 32 (82.1) | 21 (72.4) | 0.514 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 37 (54.4) | 19 (48.7) | 18 (62.1) | 0.397 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 19 (27.9) | 10 (25.6) | 9 (31.0) | 0.828 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 14 (20.6) | 5 (12.8) | 9 (31.0) | 0.125 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 63±10 | 63±10 | 63±10 | 0.783 |
| Lesion location (RCA/LAD/LCx), n (%) | 13 (19.1)/48 (70.6)/7 (10.3) | 7 (17.9)/29 (74.4)/3 (7.7) | 6 (20.7)/19 (65.5)/4 (13.8) | 0.653 |
| Pre PCI | ||||
| Diameter stenosis | 58.93±12.67 | 58.01±13.06 | 60.15±12.25 | 0.495 |
| Minimal lumen diameter | 1.04±0.35 | 1.00±0.33 | 1.10±0.36 | 0.259 |
| Lesion length | 14.66 (10.27–21.93) | 16.92 (10.81–24.05) | 13.60 (10.17–19.04) | 0.239 |
| Reference diameter | 2.47 (2.20–2.81) | 2.39 (2.16–2.74) | 2.61 (2.33–3.19) | 0.038 |
| Post PCI | ||||
| Diameter stenosis | 18.36±6.82 | 16.90±5.52 | 20.32±7.93 | 0.040 |
| Minimal lumen diameter | 2.68±0.44 | 2.67±0.37 | 2.69±0.54 | 0.876 |
| Lesion length | 17.56 (11.37–24.17) | 20.89 (12.17–24.91) | 14.46 (10.82–21.44) | 0.261 |
| Reference diameter | 3.23 (3.02–3.56) | 3.27 (2.88–3.54) | 3.19 (3.07–3.69) | 0.442 |
Continuous data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variants or as the median (interquartile range) for non-normal distribution and were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. CMD, coronary microvascular dysfunction; RCA, right coronary artery; LAD, left anterior-descending artery; LCx, left circumflex artery; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.