Table 3. Percutaneous lung biopsy complications.
| Location | Nodule | Method | Puncture complication | Biopsy complication | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bleeding | Pneumothorax | Bleeding | Pneumothorax | ||||
| Pig 1 | |||||||
| RL | 1 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 2 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| 3 | M | − | − | + | + | ||
| LL | 4 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | R | − | − | + | − | ||
| 6 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| Pig 2 | |||||||
| RL | 1 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 2 | R | − | − | − | − | ||
| 3 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| LL | 4 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| 6 | M | − | − | + | − | ||
| Pig 3 | |||||||
| RL | 1 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 2 | R | − | − | − | − | ||
| 3 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| LL | 4 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| 6 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
| Pig 4 | |||||||
| RL | 1 | M | − | − | + | − | |
| 2 | M | − | − | + | − | ||
| 3 | M | − | − | + | − | ||
| LL | 4 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | R | − | − | + | − | ||
| 6 | R | − | − | + | − | ||
| Pig 5 | |||||||
| RL | 1 | R | − | − | − | − | |
| 2 | R | − | − | + | − | ||
| 3 | R | − | − | − | − | ||
| LL | 4 | M | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | M | − | − | + | − | ||
| 6 | M | − | − | − | − | ||
−, without complication; +, with complication. RL, right lung; R, optical navigation puncture robotic system; M, conventional CT-guided manual method; CT, computed tomography; LL, left lung.