Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023

Abstract

This scientific report provides an update of the Xylella spp. host plant database, aiming to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp. Upon a mandate of the European Commission, EFSA created and regularly updates a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. The current mandate covers the period 2021–2026. This report is related to the ninth version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering literature published from 1 January 2023 up to 30 June 2023, and recent Europhyt outbreak notifications. Informative data have been extracted from 47 selected publications. Seven new host plants were identified and added to the database. These plant species were naturally infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in France, Spain and the United States. No additional data were retrieved for X. taiwanensis, and no additional multilocus sequence tipes (STs) were identified worldwide. New information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species to X. fastidiosa infection were added to the database. The Xylella spp. host plant species were listed in different categories based on the number and type of detection methods applied for each finding. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants determined with at least two different detection methods or positive with one method (between sequencing and pure culture isolation (category A), reaches now 439 plant species, 200 genera and 69 families. Such numbers rise to 696 plant species, 307 genera and 88 families if considered regardless of the detection methods applied (category E).

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor

In the context of Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, EFSA was asked by the European Commission DG SANTE to provide technical assistance in the field of plant health as regards the regulated harmful organism Xylella fastidiosa, as per letter to EFSA's Director dated 30 June 2016 (Reference ARES (2016) 3126989).

EFSA was requested to further specify and update the host plants database of X. fastidiosa available in 2016 (EFSA, 2016) taking into account the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and strains (with particular reference to the European isolates), with the inclusion of information on non‐susceptible plants and varieties and negative results of diagnostic tests when available. EFSA was requested to maintain and update this database periodically and to make new releases available on the EFSA website, together with a Scientific Report. The database should focus on plants confirmed to be infected by at least two detection methods in field conditions or via vector transmission under experimental conditions. Such request was for the period 2016–2020.

This mandate was extended by the European Commission DG SANTE for the period 2021–2026, with the aim to continue the update of that database. EFSA is requested to deliver two updates per year of the database.

1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference

EFSA delivered in September 2018 a renovated database of host plants of Xylella spp., taking into account both species of the genus Xylella (X. fastidiosa and X. taiwanensis) (EFSA, 2018), which was last updated in June 2023 (EFSA, 2023). Raw data and interactive reports were published in Zenodo ¹ in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community and in Microstrategy ² platform, together with a Scientific Report.

As per Terms of Reference (ToR), EFSA was requested to maintain and update the Xylella spp. host plant database for the period 2021–2026, and to publish new releases online together with a report twice per year. This Scientific Report provides a new update on the database of host plants of Xylella spp. published in June 2023 (EFSA, 2023). An extensive literature search was conducted to retrieve recent publications on the topic and new informative data on host plant species of Xylella spp. were collected. Such report provides information on the literature review and a detailed view on the currently known host plants of Xylella spp.

2. DATA AND METHODOLOGIES

The methodologies developed for the Xylella spp. host plant database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018) were applied in this report.

The process was divided in the following steps:

• Extensive literature search to identify relevant references.

• Selection of studies based on title, abstract and full text.

• Data extraction of relevant information.

• Data analysis and reporting.

2.1. Extensive literature search

The review question, ‘Which plant species can host Xylella / Xylella associated disease?’ was broken down into key stages using the P/O conceptual model described in the EFSA systematic review guidance (EFSA, 2010):

• Population of interest (P)

The population of interest is that of plant species, worldwide.

• Outcome (condition of interest) (O)

The outcome (condition of interest) is that of Xylella spp. infection.

Two main elements were considered for the extensive literature search: the sources of information (Table 1) to be consulted and the search strategy (Table 2).

TABLE 1.

Sources of information.

Database	Platform
Scopus	Scopus
BIOSIS Citation Index	Web of Science
CABI: CAB Abstracts®
Chinese Science Citation DatabaseSM
Current Contents Connect
FSTA® ‐ the food science resource
KCI‐Korean Journal Database
MEDLINE®
Russian Science Citation Index
SciELO Citation Index
Web of Science Core Collection Science Citation Index Expanded Social Sciences Citation Index Arts & Humanities Citation Index Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐ Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐ Social Science & Humanities Book Citation Index – Science Book Citation Index – Social Sciences & Humanities Emerging Sources Citation Index Current Chemical Reactions Index Chemicus
Zoological Record

TABLE 2.

Search strings and results.

Platform	Query	Results
Scopus	(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY (xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* W/2 disease) OR (((plum OR plums) AND “leaf scald*”)) OR ((phony W/2 (peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR “almond leaf scorch*” OR “bacterial leaf scorch*” OR “coffee leaf scorch*” OR “mulberry leaf scorch*” OR “oleander leaf scorch*” OR “sycamore leaf scorch*” OR “Periwinkle wilt” OR “Ragweed stunt” OR ((olive W/50 “quick decline syndrome”)) OR “Xylem inhabiting bacteri*” OR “Xylem limited bacteri*” OR fxib OR fxjb OR “rickettsialike bacteri*” OR “rickettsia like bacteri*”)) AND (ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE >20230101 AND ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE <20230630))	87
Web of Science	TS = (xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* NEAR/2 disease) OR (((Plum OR plums) AND “leaf scald*”)) OR ((Phony NEAR/2 (peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR “almond leaf scorch*” OR “bacterial leaf scorch*” OR “coffee leaf scorch*” OR “mulberry leaf scorch*” OR “oleander leaf scorch*” OR “sycamore leaf scorch*” OR “Periwinkle wilt” OR “Ragweed stunt” OR ((Olive NEAR “quick decline syndrome”)) OR “Xylem inhabiting bacteri*” OR “Xylem limited bacteri*” OR FXIB OR FXJB OR “rickettsialike bacteri*” OR “rickettsia like bacteri*”)	100

2.1.1. Information sources

The search strategy was run in all databases listed in Table 1 via the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Scopus platforms with no language or document type restriction.

2.1.2. Search terms

The syntax of the search string, developed for the Xylella spp. host plants database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018), was adapted and run into each platform databases listed in Table 1 on 18 September 2023. As the scope of the search was to retrieve references published after December 2022, the selected time span was from 1 January 2023 up to 30 June 2023. The search strings and the number of retrieved references are shown in Table 2.

The collected references were downloaded and imported into an EndNote X9 library (Clarivate Analytics). Duplicates and references already included in the update published in June 2023 (EFSA, 2023) were removed using EndNote X9 and the remaining references were uploaded on DistillerSR online ³ together with the full texts in portable document format (pdf).

Sixteen Europhyt outbreak notifications ⁴ (accessed on 3 October 2023) were also included.

2.2. Study selection

The collected references were screened for relevance in two steps:

1. Title and abstract screening.

2. Full text screening of the references that passed the first step.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied in each step and two reviewers worked in parallel screening the references.

The first step required the reviewers to answer two questions, listed in Table 3, considering only title and abstract of the references. The aim of this step was to select only references presenting original research data on Xylella or Xylella associated disease.

TABLE 3.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria for title and abstract screening.

Question text	Type of answer	Answer text	Exclusion criteria
Is Xylella / a Xylella associated disease/a Xylella synonym the topic of the study?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Yes	Included
		No	Excluded
Is it a primary research study?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Yes	Included
		No	Excluded

The references that passed the first step, were submitted to the full text screening. This second step required the reviewers to answer four questions (Table 4): three of them are descriptive (neutral) whereas the fourth has an inclusion/exclusion role.

TABLE 4.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria at full text screening.

Question text	Type of answer	Answer text	Exclusion criteria
Is an English abstract present?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Yes	Neutral
		No	Neutral
Which is the type of the publication?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Peer‐reviewed article	Neutral
		Article	Neutral
		Book	Neutral
		Conference proceedings	Neutral
		Abstract	Neutral
		Technical publication/Report	Neutral
		Other	Neutral
Is the Xylella host plant the main scope of the study?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Yes	Neutral
		No	Neutral
Is Xylella/a Xylella associated disease/a Xylella synonym studied in association with a host plant?	Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected	Yes	Included
		No	Excluded

2.3. Data extraction

Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from the selected references. For each reference the first reviewer performed the data extraction whereas the second reviewer conducted the quality check of the extracted data. Data extraction from each reference can generate one or several records. A record is defined as a unique combination of data related to a detection event, and it corresponds to a single Excel row of the files published in Zenodo (see Section 2.4.1).

TABLE 5.

Data extraction structure.

Extracted data	Description
General information	In this section the general information about the study is reported
RecordID	Unique number allocated to each row
RefID	Unique number allocated to each reference within the DistillerSR software
Reference	Full reference
Publication year	Year of the publication
Starting year	Starting year of the study, as reported in the publication
Ending year	Ending year of the study, as reported in the publication
Botanical identification	The botanical identification of the plant, both as reported in the publication and according to the updated taxonomy of the EPPO Global Database a , is reported in this section
Plant EPPO code	EPPO code of the plant species, from the EPPO global database. a For plant species not present in the EPPO global database a new code was created in the EFSA catalogue
Plant family	Plant family, from the EPPO global database a
Plant genus	Plant genus, from the EPPO global database a
Plant species	Plant species, from the EPPO global database a
Reported plant species	Name of the plant species as reported in the publication
Common name	Common name of the plant species, as reported in the publication
Cultivar	Cultivar or plant variety, as reported in the publication
Infection information	Detailed information about the infection and location of the plant is reported in this section
Infection method (Level 1)	The infection of the plant can be natural, artificial or not specified
Infection method (Level 2)	Subcategories of natural infection: during survey activity, during research activity. ‘Research activity’ is used when plants are planted under natural inoculum pressure and infection development was monitored without interfering. Subcategories of artificial infection: mechanical inoculation (detailed at level 3a), vector transmission (detailed at level 3b)
Mechanical inoculation (Level 3a)	Subcategories of mechanical inoculation: budding, grafting, needle, root uptake, stem absorption, syringe
Infection vector species (Level 3b)	Insect species used in artificial vector transmission
Location type	The place where the plant was placed: natural habitat, greenhouse, screenhouse, interception, not specified
Geographic information	In this section the geographical location of the plant is reported, as detailed as possible. In case of intercepted plants, the reported location is the geographical origin of the plant and not the country and location where it was intercepted
Country code	From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature
Country	From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature
Location	Location description (state/region/province/municipality) from the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature
Additional Location	Additional information on the location, as reported in the publication
Coordinates precision	Coordinates as reported in the publication
Latitude	Latitude, as reported in the publication
Longitude	Longitude, as reported in the publication
Pest description	Information about the pest is reported in this section, together with genetic data
Pest EPPO code	EPPO code of the pest, from the EPPO global database a
Pest species	Name of Xylella spp., from the EPPO global database a
Pest subspecies	Xylella fastidiosa subspecies, from the EPPO global database a . If the subspecies is inferred from another publication, a note is added to comment on the genotyping
Reported pest	Name of Xylella spp. as reported in the publication. Names used before the genus Xylella was established (up to 1987): Alfalfa dwarf virus, Morus suffodiens virus, Phony peach bacterium, Pierce's disease bacterium, Pierce's disease virus, Rickettsia‐like bacteria, Rod‐shaped bacteria, Xylem‐inhabiting bacteria. Names used from 1987 (when the genus Xylella was established): Xylella fastidiosa, Xylella taiwanensis
Disease	Name of the disease caused by Xylella spp., as reported in the publication: Alfalfa dwarf, Almond leaf scorch, Bacterial leaf scorch, Blueberry bacterial leaf scorch, Citrus variegated chlorosis, Coffee leaf scorch, Coffee stem atrophy, Crespera, Elm leaf scorch, Leaf scorch disease, Mulberry leaf scorch, Oleander leaf scorch, Olive quick decline syndrome, Pear leaf scorch, Pecan bacterial leaf scorch, Periwinkle wilt, Phony peach disease, Pierce's disease, Plum leaf scald, Potato purple top disease, Ragweed stunt, Sweetgum dieback, Sycamore leaf scorch
Strain	Name of the strain of Xylella spp., as reported in the publication
MLST (Multilocus sequence type)	Sequence type (ST) of Xylella fastidiosa, as reported in the publication. If the ST is inferred from another publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment
Genotyping comment	Comment or additional information regarding the pest
Methods of identification	In this section the identification methods applied to detect Xylella spp. infection are listed. Eight detection methods were considered and for each of them, the outcome of the analysis (positive or negative), together with the number of infected plants and the total number of analysed plants, were reported. Moreover, additional information could be added in the comment column beside each detection method
Symptoms	Observation of symptoms in the plant, as reported in the publication
Symptoms expression in test plants	Observation of symptom development in test plants after an attempt to transmit the pathogen through vectors
Culture	Pure culture isolation (i.e. isolation of cultivable bacteria from tissue samples on solid culture media)
Microscopy	Observation of Xylella spp. bacteria through microscopic analysis techniques
ELISA	Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Other immunological techniques	Immunological techniques other than ELISA
PCR‐based methods	Polymerase chain reaction‐based methods (PCR, nested PCR, qPCR, etc.)
Sequencing	Sequence analysis
Host status	Information about the tolerance and resistance response of the plant
Tolerance/Resistance reported	Tolerant/Resistant status of the plant, as reported in the publication
Tolerance/Resistance category	Categories describing the response of the tolerant/resistant plant: lack of infection or negative reading, lack of systemic movement, lack or reduction of symptoms, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower disease incidence, lower bacterial population, lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lower disease incidence, infection not persistent, reported as tolerant/resistant (no details)
Tolerance/Resistance comment	Comment on the tolerant/resistant response of the plant, as reported in the publication
Additional information
Comment	Additional relevant information or comment on the study
Confirmed record	‘Yes’ for confirmed records, ‘No’ for unconfirmed/dubious records. Unconfirmed records were included in the data extraction but excluded from the data analysis

^a https://gd.eppo.int/

2.4. Data warehouse

A harmonised data model has been established to collect data on Xylella spp. host plants. The aim was to establish a harmonised data flow for the collection and the collation of an extensive literature review generated data in the plant health domain. Data are stored in EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse (S‐DWH), after that an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) procedure is applied in order to harmonise and calculated the statistics.

2.4.1. Data management

The collected data have been submitted to the EFSA Data Collection Framework (DCF). DCF is the upfront system in the EFSA pipeline of data collection tools and allows a first step of harmonisation against the EFSA controlled reference terminology (aka EFSA catalogues). Data have been then included in the S‐DWH by means of a standardised ETL procedure and they have been further analysed and managed to generate needed statistics.

Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella

Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to version 9 (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1339343).

2.4.2. Data reporting

Data reporting was designed to distinguish the Xylella spp. host plant species, based on the number and type of detection methods applied for each finding. Different combinations of detection methods were considered:

A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission) or positive with one method (between sequencing and pure culture isolation).

B. All plant species included in category A, plus plant species positive with at least two detection methods (including microscopy).

C. All plant species included in category B, plus plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission).

D. All plant species included in category C, plus plant species positive with microscopy.

E. All positive plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods applied (including positive records but without the detection method specified, ELISA, microscopy, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, pure culture isolation, sequencing, symptom observations, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission).

3. RESULTS

3.1. Results of the literature review

The extensive literature search was conducted on 18 September 2023 on Web of Science and Scopus platforms and 187 references were collected. Duplicates and references already included in EFSA (2023) were removed and 125 references were uploaded in DistillerSR and screened for relevance. Results of the screening process are shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1.

Flow diagram of the screening process.

In the first step, i.e. title and abstract screening, 68 references were excluded either because they do not focus on Xylella or Xylella associated diseases and/or they are not primary research studies. The selected 57 references were subjected to the second step of the screening process, i.e. the full text screening. Thirty‐one references, in which Xylella spp. are studied in association with a host plant, were selected. Sixteen Europhyt outbreak notifications ⁵ containing informative data were also included in the data extraction. Totally, 47 references (listed in Appendix E) were included in this update of the database and from which informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted.

3.2. Update of records already included in the database

Scientific names of plant species, genera and families are reported, as far as possible, accordingly to the taxonomy of the EPPO Global Database (EPPO, 2023) that is constantly being updated. Therefore, changes of scientific names of plant species, genera and families in the Xylella spp. host plant database are related to the update of the taxonomy in the EPPO Global Database.

Records referring to Europhyt outbreak notifications, that may contain uncomplete data, are updated whenever additional information (e.g. further identification of the plant species, X. fastidiosa subspecies, ST) become available.

Few typos of previous data extractions were fixed: ST47 was replaced by ST87 in RefID 12534, while subsp. multiplex (EPPO code ‘XYLEFM’) was replaced by subsp. pauca (EPPO code ‘XYLEFP’) in RefID 12412, RefID 12413, RefID 12414 and RefID 12415.

The plant species Juglans sp. (EPPO code ‘IUGSS’) was replaced by the plant species Juglans regia (EPPO code ‘IUGRE’) in RefID 7836 and RefID 8126, according to the common name (‘walnut’) reported in the publications.

3.3. Host plant species of Xylella spp.

The updated numbers of host plant species, genera and families (according to the different categories reported in Section 2.4.2) are reported in Figure 2 and Table 6. The number of plant species raised to 439 according to category A [i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation)] to 696 plant species of category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).

FIGURE 2.

Number of host plant species according to the different categories (as described in Section 2.4.2). Plant species in category A are included in category B; plant species in category B are included in category C; plant species in category C are included in category D; plant species in category D are included in category E.

TABLE 6.

Number of host plant species, genera and families of Xylella spp. according to categories A, B, C, D, E (based on the detection methods applied – see Section 2.4.2).

	A	B	C	D	E
Number of host plant species	439	444	681	690	696
Number of host plant genera	200	201	306	306	307
Number of host plant families	69	69	88	88	88

Compared to the previous update of the database published in June 2023 (EFSA, 2023), 7 plant species (and one genus) were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa. This genus and those plant species were not previously reported in the database. Details of those new hosts of X. fastidiosa are summarised in Table 7. All the new plant species have been found to be naturally infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. Five of them were reported in France, one in Spain and one in the United States.

TABLE 7.

New host plants of X. fastidiosa. For each host plant the infection method, the country, the X. fastidiosa subspecies and the category (see Section 2.4.2) are reported. The new genus and the new plant species are highlighted in bold.

Plant EPPO code	Plant family	Plant genus	Plant species	Infection method	Country	Xf subspecies	Category
ACRGR	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer granatense	Natural	Spain	multiplex	A
STICA	Lamiaceae	Clinopodium	Clinopodium nepeta	Natural	France	multiplex	A
CRWSA	Cornaceae	Cornus	Cornus sanguinea	Natural	France	multiplex	A
FRXEX	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus excelsior	Natural	France	multiplex	A
LONSS	Caprifoliaceae	Lonicera	Lonicera sp.	Natural	France	multiplex	A
QUECE	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus cerris	Natural	United States	multiplex	A
SENIQ	Asteraceae	Senecio	Senecio inaequidens	Natural	France	multiplex	A

The overall number of host plant species infected naturally, artificially and in unspecified conditions by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and according to the different categories are reported in Tables 8, 9 and 10. The plant species behind the numbers shown in those tables are listed in.

TABLE 8.

Number of host plant species, naturally infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2).

Category	fastidiosa	fastidiosa_sandyi	morus	multiplex	pauca	sandyi	tashke	Unknown
A	64	2	4	226	55	7	1	182
B	64	2	4	226	55	7	1	187
C	67	2	4	234	59	8	1	384
D	67	2	4	234	59	8	1	390
E	67	2	4	234	59	8	1	401

TABLE 9.

Number of host plant species, artificially infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2).

Category	fastidiosa	morus	multiplex	pauca	sandyi	tashke	Unknown
A	42	2	19	20	5	0	89
B	43	2	19	21	5	0	94
C	82	2	35	35	11	1	202
D	82	2	35	35	11	1	208
E	83	2	36	35	11	1	216

TABLE 10.

Number of host plant species, infected in unspecified conditions, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2).

Category	fastidiosa	multiplex	pauca	sandyi	Unknown
A	7	13	8	1	16
B	7	13	8	1	18
C	7	16	8	2	27
D	7	16	8	2	29
E	7	16	8	2	31

Appendices A, B and C. In those appendices the full lists of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies naturally, artificially and in not specified conditions according to the five categories are shown.

The highest number of plant species naturally infected is still recorded for X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (226 according to category A, up to 234 for category E), followed by subsp. fastidiosa and subsp. pauca. In artificial infection, 42 plant species (category A and 83 for category E) were successfully infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. Twenty plant species were artificially infected by subsp. pauca and 19 by subsp. multiplex (category A), up to 35 and 36 for category E (for pauca and multiplex, respectively).

No new host plants were reported for the pathogen species Xylella taiwanensis, that so far was recorded only in Pyrus pyrifolia plants.

3.4. X. fastidiosa sequence types and host plants association

The full list of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa sequence types (ST) under natural, artificial and unspecified conditions is reported in Appendix D. For each plant species, the number of records ⁶ reporting infection by a specific ST is counted. For natural infection, the country where the plant species have been identified is also reported, whereas for artificial and unspecified infection only the total number of records is presented in the Appendix.

Totally, 2610 records reporting information on 268 plant species infected by 89 different STs have been reported in the database. No additional STs have been identified compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2023). Most of the records (1909) refer to natural infections that were reported in North, Central and South America (United States of America, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brazil and Argentina), Asia (Israel) and Europe (Portugal, Spain, France and Italy). ST53 (subsp. pauca) is the most reported sequence type in natural infections (489 records), while ST7 (subsp. multiplex) have been reported to infect the highest number of plant species (89). ST1 (subsp. fastidiosa) remains the most used ST in artificial infections (250 records).

3.5. Tolerant and resistant responses of plant species

Information on tolerant and resistant response of plant species to X. fastidiosa infection have also been reported in the database. The list of plant genera and species for which tolerant and resistant response have been identified is reported in Table 11, while different tolerant/resistant response to X. fastidiosa infection has been grouped into 11 categories, as reported in Table 12. Those categories include the plant response/s for which the authors of the publication considered that plant as tolerant/resistant to X. fastidiosa infection.

TABLE 11.

Number of records reporting tolerant/resistant response for plant genus and species.

Plant genus and species	Number of records
Arabidopsis	4
Arabidopsis thaliana	4
Citrus	175
Citrus celebica	1
Citrus clementina	4
Citrus jambhiri	2
Citrus junos	1
Citrus latifolia	1
Citrus limettioides	1
Citrus limon	14
Citrus medica	1
Citrus natsudaidai	1
Citrus paradisi	5
Citrus reticulata	9
Citrus reticulata × C. sinensis × C. paradisi	1
Citrus sinensis	8
Citrus sp.	70
Citrus tangerine	32
Citrus × nobilis	11
Citrus × tangelo	13
Coffea	5
Coffea arabica	4
Coffea sp.	1
Fortunella	1
Fortunella margarita	1
Medicago	2
Medicago sativa	2
Olea	36
Olea europaea	36
Platanus	2
Platanus sp.	2
Poncirus	3
Poncirus trifoliata	3
Populus	1
Populus × canescens	1
Prunus	70
Prunus angustifolia	1
Prunus armeniaca	3
Prunus avium	5
Prunus cerasus	2
Prunus domestica	3
Prunus dulcis	18
Prunus persica	7
Prunus salicina	14
Prunus sp.	15
Prunus × amygdalo‐persica	2
Quercus	2
Quercus ilex	2
Vaccinium	10
Vaccinium corymbosum	6
Vaccinium sp.	4
Vitis	428
Vitis aestivalis	4
Vitis arizonica	104
Vitis arizonica hybrid	6
Vitis arizonica × V. rupestris	6
Vitis arizonica × V. vinifera	1
Vitis arizonica/candicans	3
Vitis arizonica/candicans × V. rupestris	2
Vitis arizonica/girdiana	1
Vitis berlandieri	9
Vitis berlandieri × riparia hybrids	6
Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris	4
Vitis candicans	23
Vitis champinii × (V. solonis × V. othello)	1
Vitis cinerea	7
Vitis cinerea × V. berlandieri	2
Vitis girdiana	20
Vitis monticola	4
Vitis munsoniana	3
Vitis popenoei	1
Vitis riparia	19
Vitis rotundifolia	58
Vitis rotundifolia × V. rupestris	1
Vitis simpsonii	1
Vitis sp.	76
Vitis tiliaefolia	1
Vitis treleasei	6
Vitis vinifera	36
Vitis vinifera hybrid	6
Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana	4
Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. simpsonii	4
Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. vinifera	1
Vitis nesbittiana	2
Vitis rufotomentosa	1
Vitis shuttleworthii	5
Total	739

TABLE 12.

Number of records and publications for tolerance/resistance category.

Tolerance/resistance category	Number of records			Number of publications
	Artificial infection	Natural infection	Infection not specified
Lack of infection or Negative reading	43	78	0	15
Lack of systemic movement	52	0	0	9
Lack or reduction of symptoms	82	78	0	13
Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population	31	14	0	18
Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population ‐ Lower disease incidence	2	2	0	3
Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower disease incidence	0	2	0	1
Lower bacterial population	235	8	0	24
Lower bacterial population – Lower disease incidence	0	3	0	3
Lower disease incidence	0	6	0	4
Not persistent infection	5	3	0	3
Reported as tolerant/resistant_no details	18	28	49	46
Total	468	222	49	139

Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2023), one publication reporting 11 records of ‘lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population’ in Vitis vinifera was added to the database (Tables 11, 12). Information on tolerant/resistant status is available for 73 plant species with a total number of 739 records (Table 11). The most studied genera remains Vitis, Citrus and Prunus (428, 175 and 70 records, respectively) (Table 11).

4. CONCLUSIONS

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create, maintain and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. This Scientific Report summarises the most interesting information reported in the new version of the database (version 9).

An extensive literature search was performed including all scientific papers published up to 30 June 2023, as well as additional Europhyt outbreak notifications (last accessed on 3 October 2023).

By these searches, 47 publications were selected and informative data were extracted. Seven host plant species and one genus were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa. This genus and those plant species were not previously reported as hosts of X. fastidiosa. They have been found to be naturally infected by X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex in France, Spain and the United States. No new data was retrieved for X. taiwanensis.

Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2023), no additional STs have been identified worldwide. Information on tolerant/resistant status were reported for 73 plant species in 139 publications, with a total number of 739 records. The most studied and reported plant taxa are still the economically important genera Citrus, Prunus and Vitis.

The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants reaches now 439 plant species, 200 genera and 69 families for category A [i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation)], till 696 plant species, 307 genera and 88 families for category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).

A further update of the EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants is planned for June 2024 with the aim to provide useful information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.

Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella

Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to version 9 (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1339343).

ABBREVIATIONS

DCF

Data Collection Framework

EFSA PLH Panel

EFSA Panel on Plant Health

ELISA

enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay

EPPO

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

ETL

Extract Transform Load

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

S‐DWH

EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse

ST

sequence type

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

If you wish to access the declaration of interests of any expert contributing to an EFSA scientific assessment, please contact interestmanagement@efsa.europa.eu.

REQUESTOR

European Commission

QUESTION NUMBER

EFSA‐Q‐2022‐00816

COPYRIGHT FOR NON‐EFSA CONTENT

EFSA may include images or other content for which it does not hold copyright. In such cases, EFSA indicates the copyrightholder and users should seek permission to reproduce the content from the original source.

APPENDIX A. HOST PLANT SPECIES NATURALLY INFECTED

A.1.

List of host plant species, naturally infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi, subsp. tashke and X. taiwanensis according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):

A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).

No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACADA	Acacia dealbata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
2	ACALO	Acacia longifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
3	ACAME	Acacia melanoxylon	Xf subsp. unknown	A
4	ACASA	Acacia saligna	Xf subsp. unknown	A
5	ACRRB	Acer rubrum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
6	ALBJU	Albizia julibrissin	Xf subsp. unknown	A
7	AMARE	Amaranthus retroflexus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
8	AMBPS	Ambrosia psilostachya	Xf subsp. unknown	A
9	AMBTR	Ambrosia trifida	Xf subsp. unknown	A
10	AMCAR	Ampelopsis arborea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
11	AMCBR	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
12	AMCBH	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. hancei	Xf subsp. unknown	A
13	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. unknown	A
14	CHYFR	Argyranthemum frutescens	Xf subsp. unknown	A
15	ASPAC	Asparagus acutifolius	Xf subsp. unknown	A
16	BACHA	Baccharis halimifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
17	BACSS	Baccharis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
18	BRSSS	Brassica sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
19	CLIAM	Callicarpa americana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
20	CUNVU	Calluna vulgaris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
21	CYAAQ	Carya aquatica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
22	CYACA	Carya cathayensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
23	CYACO	Carya cordiformis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
24	CYAFL	Carya floridana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
25	CYAGL	Carya glabra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
26	CYAIL	Carya illinoinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
27	CYALA	Carya laciniosa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
28	CYAPA	Carya pallida	Xf subsp. unknown	A
29	CC275A	Carya palmeri	Xf subsp. unknown	A
30	CYATO	Carya tomentosa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
31	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
32	CCSOC	Cercis occidentalis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
33	CASFA	Chamaecrista fasciculata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
34	CIORE	Chionanthus retusus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
35	CXKTA	Chitalpa tashkentensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
36	CSTIC	Cistus creticus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
37	CIDAU	Citrus aurantium	Xf subsp. unknown	A
38	CIDCE	Citrus celebica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
39	CIDJA	Citrus jambhiri	Xf subsp. unknown	A
40	CIDLI	Citrus limon	Xf subsp. unknown	A
41	CIDME	Citrus medica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
42	CIDNA	Citrus natsudaidai	Xf subsp. unknown	A
43	CIDPA	Citrus paradisi	Xf subsp. unknown	A
44	CIDRE	Citrus reticulata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
45	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
46	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
47	CIDTG	Citrus tangerina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
48	CIDNO	Citrus × nobilis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
49	CIDRP	Citrus × tangelo	Xf subsp. unknown	A
50	CGACY	Coelorachis cylindrica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
51	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
52	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
53	COIMA	Conium maculatum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
54	CDTSE	Cortaderia selloana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
55	SAOSC	Cytisus scoparius	Xf subsp. unknown	A
56	CZSSS	Cytisus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
57	DIGSS	Digitaria sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
58	DOSKA	Diospyros kaki	Xf subsp. unknown	A
59	DPYPA	Diplocyclos palmatus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
60	DODVI	Dodonaea viscosa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
61	EPHTE	Euphorbia terracina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
62	EYOCH	Euryops chrysanthemoides	Xf subsp. unknown	A
63	FAUCR	Fagus crenata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
64	FATJA	Fatsia japonica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
65	FIUCA	Ficus carica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
66	RHAFR	Frangula alnus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
67	FRXPE	Fraxinus pennsylvanica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
68	GENTR	Genista triacanthos	Xf subsp. unknown	A
69	QEMTR	Genista tridentata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
70	GIKBI	Ginkgo biloba	Xf subsp. unknown	A
71	CC278A	Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
72	GREJU	Grevillea juniperina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
73	HELAN	Helianthus annuus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
74	HEGSS	Hemerocallis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
75	HIBSH	Hibiscus schizopetalus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
76	HIBSY	Hibiscus syriacus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
77	HUMJA	Humulus scandens	Xf subsp. unknown	A
78	ILEVO	Ilex vomitoria	Xf subsp. unknown	A
79	IVAAN	Iva annua	Xf subsp. unknown	A
80	IACMI	Jacaranda mimosifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
81	IUGRE	Juglans regia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
82	IUPAS	Juniperus ashei	Xf subsp. unknown	A
83	LAEIN	Lagerstroemia indica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
84	LAESS	Lagerstroemia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
85	LURNO	Laurus nobilis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
86	LAVAN	Lavandula angustifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
87	LAVDE	Lavandula dentata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
88	LAVSS	Lavandula sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
89	LAVST	Lavandula stoechas	Xf subsp. unknown	A
90	LIGLU	Ligustrum lucidum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
91	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. unknown	A
92	LONJA	Lonicera japonica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
93	LUPAD	Lupinus aridorum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
94	LUPVI	Lupinus villosus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
95	MAGGR	Magnolia grandiflora	Xf subsp. unknown	A
96	MLLPA	Mallotus paniculatus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
97	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
98	MIMSS	Mimosa sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
99	MODCA	Modiola caroliniana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
100	MORAL	Morus alba	Xf subsp. unknown	A
101	MORRU	Morus rubra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
102	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
103	MYMIN	Myoporum insulare	Xf subsp. unknown	A
104	MYVCO	Myrtus communis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
105	NANDO	Nandina domestica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
106	NPTLU	Neptunia lutea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
107	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. unknown	A
108	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
109	OLVES	Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
110	OLVSS	Olea sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
111	PRTQU	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
112	PASDI	Paspalum dilatatum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
113	PEBAM	Persea americana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
114	PHXRE	Phoenix reclinata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
115	PHXRO	Phoenix roebelenii	Xf subsp. unknown	A
116	PIUTD	Pinus taeda	Xf subsp. unknown	A
117	PLTOC	Platanus occidentalis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
118	PLTSS	Platanus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
119	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
120	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. unknown	A
121	PRNCF	Prunus cerasifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
122	CC209A	Prunus cerasifera × P. munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
123	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
124	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
125	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
126	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
127	PTEAQ	Pteridium aquilinum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
128	PYECO	Pyracantha coccinea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
129	PYUPY	Pyrus pyrifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
130	PYUSS	Pyrus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
131	QUECO	Quercus coccinea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
132	QUEFC	Quercus falcata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
133	QUELA	Quercus laevis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
134	QUELF	Quercus laurifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
135	QUENI	Quercus nigra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
136	QUEPA	Quercus palustris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
137	QUEPN	Quercus pyrenaica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
138	QUERO	Quercus robur	Xf subsp. unknown	A
139	QUERU	Quercus rubra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
140	QUESS	Quercus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
141	QUESU	Quercus suber	Xf subsp. unknown	A
142	QUEVE	Quercus velutina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
143	QUEVI	Quercus virginiana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
144	RATCO	Ratibida columnifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
145	RHAAL	Rhamnus alaternus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
146	RHUSS	Rhus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
147	RUBHP	Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
148	RUBSS	Rubus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
149	RMSOF	Salvia rosmarinus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
150	SAMCN	Sambucus canadensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
151	SSAAL	Sassafras albidum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
152	SSASS	Sassafras sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
153	SETMG	Setaria magna	Xf subsp. unknown	A
154	SOOFI	Solidago fistulosa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
155	SPUJU	Spartium junceum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
156	SWTPS	Stewartia pseudocamellia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
157	ZMYDI	Symphyotrichum divaricatum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
158	TRFRE	Trifolium repens	Xf subsp. unknown	A
159	ULEEU	Ulex europaeus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
160	ULEMC	Ulex micranthus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
161	ULEMI	Ulex minor	Xf subsp. unknown	A
162	ULESS	Ulex sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
163	ULMAM	Ulmus americana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
164	ULMGL	Ulmus glabra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
165	ULMPU	Ulmus pumila	Xf subsp. unknown	A
166	ULMSS	Ulmus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
167	VACAH	Vaccinium ashei	Xf subsp. unknown	A
168	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
169	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
170	VACVG	Vaccinium virgatum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
171	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. unknown	A
172	VINMI	Vinca minor	Xf subsp. unknown	A
173	VITCL	Vitis californica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
174	VITCA	Vitis candicans	Xf subsp. unknown	A
175	VITLA	Vitis labrusca	Xf subsp. unknown	A
176	CC241A	Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
177	VITMU	Vitis munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
178	CC242A	Vitis muscadina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
179	VITRI	Vitis riparia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
180	VITRF	Vitis rotundifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
181	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
182	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
183	ACRSC	Acer saccharum	Xf subsp. unknown		B
184	CYPER	Cyperus eragrostis	Xf subsp. unknown		B
185	HVEBR	Hevea brasiliensis	Xf subsp. unknown		B
186	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. unknown		B
187	SORHA	Sorghum halepense	Xf subsp. unknown		B
188	ACRMA	Acer macrophyllum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
189	ACRNE	Acer negundo	Xf subsp. unknown			C
190	ACRPL	Acer platanoides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
191	ACRSS	Acer sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
192	AECHY	Aesculus x hybrida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
193	AGTAU	Agathis australis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
194	AGSGI	Agrostis gigantea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
195	AEYEX	Alectryon excelsus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
196	ALRFI	Alternanthera ficoidea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
197	AMASS	Amaranthus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
198	BRODI	Anisantha diandra	Xf subsp. unknown			C
199	BRORI	Anisantha rigida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
200	ARYSS	Arctostaphylos sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
201	ARTDO	Artemisia douglasiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
202	ATXSS	Atriplex sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
203	AVEFA	Avena fatua	Xf subsp. unknown			C
204	AXOCO	Axonopus compressus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
205	BACPI	Baccharis pilularis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
206	BIDPI	Bidens pilosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
207	BOEDI	Boerhavia diffusa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
208	BOILF	Borreria latifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
209	BRADC	Brachiaria decumbens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
210	BRAPL	Brachiaria plantaginea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
211	BRGSS	Brachyglottis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
212	BROSS	Bromus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
213	BRNPA	Broussonetia papyrifera	Xf subsp. unknown			C
214	CCOSS	Calicotome sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
215	BLABI	Calyptocarpus biaristatus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
216	CMIRA	Campsis radicans	Xf subsp. unknown			C
217	CAPBP	Capsella bursa‐pastoris	Xf subsp. unknown			C
218	CRXSS	Carex sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
219	CELOR	Celastrus orbiculatus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
220	CCHEC	Cenchrus echinatus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
221	CHEMU	Chenopodiastrum murale	Xf subsp. unknown			C
222	CHRHA	Chloris halophila	Xf subsp. unknown			C
223	CC158A	Coffea arabica × C. canephora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
224	CC159A	Coffea arabica × C. eugenioides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
225	CC161A	Coffea arabica × C. liberica var. dewevrei	Xf subsp. unknown			C
226	CC162A	Coffea arabica × C. racemosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
227	COFCA	Coffea canephora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
228	RDGVE	Coffea racemosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
229	CC164A	Coffea eugenioides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
230	CC165A	Coffea kapakata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
231	COFEX	Coffea liberica var. dewevrei	Xf subsp. unknown			C
232	COFST	Coffea stenophylla	Xf subsp. unknown			C
233	COMBE	Commelina benghalensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
234	COMER	Commelina erecta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
235	CONAR	Convolvulus arvensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
236	CPMRE	Coprosma repens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
237	CPMRO	Coprosma robusta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
238	CDLAU	Cordyline australis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
239	CDLSS	Cordyline sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
240	CRWFL	Cornus florida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
241	CKICO	Corokia cotoneaster	Xf subsp. unknown			C
242	CKIMA	Corokia macrocarpa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
243	CKISS	Corokia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
244	CCKLA	Corynocarpus laevigatus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
245	ERMSE	Croton setigerus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
246	CYNDA	Cynodon dactylon	Xf subsp. unknown			C
247	CYPSS	Cyperus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
248	DATWR	Datura wrightii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
249	DIGHO	Digitaria horizontalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
250	TRCIN	Digitaria insularis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
251	DIGSA	Digitaria sanguinalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
252	DUTPL	Duranta erecta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
253	CHEAM	Dysphania ambrosioides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
254	ECHCG	Echinochloa crus‐galli	Xf subsp. unknown			C
255	ELEIN	Eleusine indica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
256	ERICA	Erigeron canadensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
257	ERBCO	Eriochloa contracta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
258	ERGSS	Eriogonum sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
259	EROBO	Erodium botrys	Xf subsp. unknown			C
260	EROMO	Erodium moschatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
261	EROSS	Erodium sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
262	ESABI	Escallonia bifida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
263	EUCSS	Eucalyptus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
264	EPHHI	Euphorbia hirta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
265	FACAP	Facelis retusa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
266	CC180A	Fragaria vesca subsp. californica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
267	FRXDI	Fraxinus dipetala	Xf subsp. unknown			C
268	FUCMA	Fuchsia magellanica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
269	GERDI	Geranium dissectum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
270	HAGER	Haloragis erecta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
271	HBESS	Hebe sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
272	HEEHE	Hedera helix	Xf subsp. unknown			C
273	HEOFR	Heliotropium fruticosum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
274	HEOIN	Heliotropium indicum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
275	HTTGR	Heterotheca grandiflora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
276	HORMU	Hordeum murinum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
277	HYEPA	Hydrangea paniculata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
278	HRYBR	Hypochaeris brasiliensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
279	IPOFI	Ipomoea fistulosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
280	LACSE	Lactuca serriola	Xf subsp. unknown			C
281	LECSI	Leonurus sibiricus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
282	LEPAU	Lepidium auriculatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
283	COPDI	Lepidium didymum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
284	LEPRU	Lepidium ruderale	Xf subsp. unknown			C
285	LIGSI	Ligustrum sinense	Xf subsp. unknown			C
286	CC189A	Ligustrum virginicum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
287	LIRTU	Liriodendron tulipifera	Xf subsp. unknown			C
288	LOLMU	Lolium multiflorum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
289	LOLPE	Lolium perenne	Xf subsp. unknown			C
290	LUDUR	Ludwigia grandiflora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
291	MALPA	Malva parviflora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
292	MAQVU	Marrubium vulgare	Xf subsp. unknown			C
293	MEDPO	Medicago polymorpha	Xf subsp. unknown			C
294	MLQTE	Melicope ternata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
295	MLYRA	Melicytus ramiflorus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
296	MEUSS	Melilotus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
297	MLSOF	Melissa officinalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
298	MRRMA	Merremia macrocalyx	Xf subsp. unknown			C
299	MRYSI	Meryta sinclairii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
300	MTDEX	Metrosideros excelsa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
301	MTDSS	Metrosideros sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
302	CC195A	Metrosideros kermadecensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
303	MNTLI	Montiastrum lineare	Xf subsp. unknown			C
304	MYMLA	Myoporum laetum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
305	MAJHO	Origanum majorana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
306	DKTAC	Panicum acuminatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
307	PTNHY	Parthenium hysterophorus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
308	PRTTR	Parthenocissus tricuspidata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
309	PASUR	Paspalum urvillei	Xf subsp. unknown			C
310	CC200A	Paspalum regnellii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
311	PAQFO	Passiflora foetida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
312	PESCL	Pennisetum clandestinum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
313	POLLA	Persicaria lapathifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
314	POLPE	Persicaria maculosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
315	PGASA	Phagnalon saxatile	Xf subsp. unknown			C
316	PHAAN	Phalaris angusta	Xf subsp. unknown			C
317	PHXSS	Phoenix sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
318	PHMCO	Phormium colensoi	Xf subsp. unknown			C
319	PHMTE	Phormium tenax	Xf subsp. unknown			C
320	PTUCR	Pittosporum crassifolium	Xf subsp. unknown			C
321	PTUEU	Pittosporum eugenioides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
322	PTUTE	Pittosporum tenuifolium	Xf subsp. unknown			C
323	PTUUM	Pittosporum umbellatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
324	PLALA	Plantago lanceolata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
325	PLAMA	Plantago major	Xf subsp. unknown			C
326	PLUOD	Pluchea odorata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
327	POAAN	Poa annua	Xf subsp. unknown			C
328	POLAR	Polygonum arenastrum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
329	POROL	Portulaca oleracea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
330	PRNAN	Prunus angustifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
331	PRNLR	Prunus laurocerasus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
332	PRNSO	Prunus serotina	Xf subsp. unknown			C
333	PRNSL	Prunus serrulata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
334	CC214A	Prunus simonii × P. salicina × P. cerasifera × P. munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
335	QUEAG	Quercus agrifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
336	QUEAL	Quercus alba	Xf subsp. unknown			C
337	QUEIL	Quercus ilex	Xf subsp. unknown			C
338	QUEIM	Quercus imbricaria	Xf subsp. unknown			C
339	QUEIN	Quercus incana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
340	QUEMC	Quercus macrocarpa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
341	QUEPH	Quercus phellos	Xf subsp. unknown			C
342	RANRE	Ranunculus repens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
343	RAPSR	Raphanus sativus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
344	RHUDI	Rhus diversiloba	Xf subsp. unknown			C
345	RCHSS	Richardia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
346	ROSCA	Rosa californica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
347	RUBUR	Rubus ursinus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
348	RUBVI	Rubus vitifolius	Xf subsp. unknown			C
349	RUMCR	Rumex crispus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
350	RUMSS	Rumex sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
351	SAXSS	Salix sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
352	SASKT	Salsola kali subsp. tragus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
353	SALOF	Salvia officinalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
354	SAMGL	Sambucus cerulea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
355	SNTMA	Santolina magonica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
356	SENGB	Senecio grisebachii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
357	SENVU	Senecio vulgaris	Xf subsp. unknown			C
358	CC221A	Senna secundiflora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
359	SIDRH	Sida rhombifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
360	SLYMA	Silybum marianum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
361	SSYIR	Sisymbrium irio	Xf subsp. unknown			C
362	SOLAM	Solanum americanum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
363	SONOL	Sonchus oleraceus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
364	SONSS	Sonchus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
365	SOBSE	Sophora secundiflora	Xf subsp. unknown			C
366	STAAR	Stachys arvensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
367	STEME	Stellaria media	Xf subsp. unknown			C
368	SYZPA	Syzygium paniculatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
369	TALPA	Talinum paniculatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
370	TAROF	Taraxacum officinale	Xf subsp. unknown			C
371	TRFIN	Trifolium incarnatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
372	ULEPA	Ulex parviflorus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
373	URTLY	Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
374	URTUR	Urtica urens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
375	VEBLI	Verbena litoralis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
376	VENSS	Vernonia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
377	VERPE	Veronica persica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
378	VERSS	Veronica sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
379	CC226A	Vicia ludoviciana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
380	VIXLU	Vitex lucens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
381	VITAZ	Vitis arizonica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
382	VITGI	Vitis girdiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
383	WSTFR	Wisteria frutescens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
384	XANSP	Xanthium spinosum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
385	CIDLO	Citrus x limonia	Xf subsp. unknown				D
386	COFLI	Coffea liberica	Xf subsp. unknown				D
387	PRNAM	Prunus americana	Xf subsp. unknown				D
388	PRNMS	Prunus munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown				D
389	PRNSI	Prunus simonii	Xf subsp. unknown				D
390	SOOCA	Solidago canadensis	Xf subsp. unknown				D
391	PRNAR	Prunus armeniaca	Xf subsp. unknown					E
392	PRNHO	Prunus hortulana	Xf subsp. unknown					E
393	PRNME	Prunus mexicana	Xf subsp. unknown					E
394	ULMHO	Ulmus × hollandica	Xf subsp. unknown					E
395	VITAE	Vitis aestivalis	Xf subsp. unknown					E
396	VITBQ	Vitis bourquiniana	Xf subsp. unknown					E
397	VITCI	Vitis cinerea	Xf subsp. unknown					E
398	VITCN	Vitis simpsonii	Xf subsp. unknown					E
399	VITCH	Vitis × champinii	Xf subsp. unknown					E
400	CC256A	Vitis rufotomentosa	Xf subsp. unknown					E
401	CC257A	Vitis shuttleworthii	Xf subsp. unknown					E
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACRSS	Acer sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
2	AMBEL	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
3	CCOSP	Calicotome spinosa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
4	CCSOC	Cercis occidentalis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
5	CSTMO	Cistus monspeliensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
6	CSTSS	Cistus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
7	CIDLI	Citrus limon	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
8	CIDPA	Citrus paradisi	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
9	CIDRE	Citrus reticulata	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
10	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
11	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
12	COFCA	Coffea canephora	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
13	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
14	ELGAN	Elaeagnus angustifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
15	CC270A	Erysimum hybrids	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
16	FIUCA	Ficus carica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
17	FRXAN	Fraxinus angustifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
18	GENLU	Genista lucida	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
19	IUGRE	Juglans regia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
20	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
21	LUPAD	Lupinus aridorum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
22	MAGGR	Magnolia grandiflora	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
23	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
24	MTDSS	Metrosideros sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
25	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
26	MYVCO	Myrtus communis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
27	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
28	PELGV	Pelargonium graveolens	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
29	PLUOD	Pluchea odorata	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
30	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
31	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
32	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
33	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
34	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
35	PSISS	Psidium sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
36	QUEIL	Quercus ilex	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
37	RHAAL	Rhamnus alaternus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
38	RUBID	Rubus idaeus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
39	RUBDI	Rubus rigidus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
40	RUBUR	Rubus ursinus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
41	RUACH	Ruta chalepensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
42	RMSOF	Salvia rosmarinus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
43	SAMCN	Sambucus canadensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
44	SAMSS	Sambucus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
45	SPUJU	Spartium junceum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
46	STZRE	Strelitzia reginae	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
47	SRQHY	Streptocarpus hybrids	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
48	TEUCP	Teucrium capitatum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
49	ULEEU	Ulex europaeus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
50	ULESS	Ulex sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
51	ULMAM	Ulmus americana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
52	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
53	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
54	VINSS	Vinca sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
55	VITAE	Vitis aestivalis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
56	CC227A	Vitis aestivalis hybrid	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
57	VITCL	Vitis californica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
58	VITCA	Vitis candicans	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
59	CC238A	Vitis cinerea var. helleri × V. vulpina	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
60	VITGI	Vitis girdiana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
61	VITHD	Vitis hybrids	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
62	VITRF	Vitis rotundifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
63	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
64	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
65	BRNPA	Broussonetia papyrifera	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
66	QUESS	Quercus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
67	ULMSS	Ulmus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACACL	Acacia cultriformis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
2	ACADA	Acacia dealbata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
3	ACALO	Acacia longifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
4	ACAME	Acacia melanoxylon	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
5	ACASA	Acacia saligna	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
6	ACASS	Acacia sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
7	ACRGR	Acer granatense	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
8	ACRGS	Acer griseum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
9	ACRPP	Acer pseudoplatanus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
10	ACRRB	Acer rubrum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
11	ADCCL	Adenocarpus lainzii	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
12	ALURH	Alnus rhombifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
13	AMBPS	Ambrosia psilostachya	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
14	AMBSS	Ambrosia sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
15	AMBTR	Ambrosia trifida	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
16	AMBTT	Ambrosia trifida var. texana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
17	AMCCO	Ampelopsis cordata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
18	AYLBJ	Anthyllis barba‐jovis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
19	AYLHE	Anthyllis hermanniae	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
20	ARDUN	Arbutus unedo	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
21	CHYFR	Argyranthemum frutescens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
22	ARTAB	Artemisia absinthium	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
23	ARTAO	Artemisia arborescens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
24	ARTSS	Artemisia sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
25	ASPAC	Asparagus acutifolius	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
26	ATUFF	Athyrium filix‐femina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
27	BACHA	Baccharis halimifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
28	BEBTH	Berberis thunbergii	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
29	CCOSP	Calicotome spinosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
30	CCOVI	Calicotome villosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
31	CLXCI	Callistemon citrinus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
32	CUNVU	Calluna vulgaris	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
33	KLCBR	Calocephalus brownii	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
34	CYAIL	Carya illinoinensis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
35	CYASS	Carya sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
36	CSNSA	Castanea sativa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
37	CETOC	Celtis occidentalis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
38	CCSCA	Cercis canadensis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
39	CCSOC	Cercis occidentalis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
40	CCSSI	Cercis siliquastrum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
41	CHEAL	Chenopodium album	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
42	CIOSS	Chionanthus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
43	CSTAL	Cistus albidus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
44	CSTIC	Cistus creticus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
45	CSTPS	Cistus inflatus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
46	CSTMO	Cistus monspeliensis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
47	CSTSA	Cistus salviifolius	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
48	CSTSS	Cistus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
49	CLVCI	Clematis cirrhosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
50	CLVVT	Clematis vitalba	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
51	STICA	Clinopodium nepeta	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
52	CONCN	Convolvulus cneorum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
53	CPMRE	Coprosma repens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
54	CRWSA	Cornus sanguinea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
55	CZRVL	Coronilla valentina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
56	CZRVG	Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
57	SAOSC	Cytisus scoparius	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
58	CZSSS	Cytisus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
59	CC274A	Cytisus spinosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
60	CZSVI	Cytisus villosus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
61	OSPEK	Dimorphotheca ecklonis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
62	OSPFR	Dimorphotheca fruticosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
63	INUVI	Dittrichia viscosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
64	DODVI	Dodonaea viscosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
65	EHIPL	Echium plantagineum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
66	ELGAN	Elaeagnus angustifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
67	ELGEB	Elaeagnus × submacrophylla	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
68	ENCFA	Encelia farinosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
69	EIACN	Erica cinerea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
70	ERICA	Erigeron canadensis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
71	ERIKA	Erigeron karvinskianus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
72	ERISS	Erigeron sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
73	ERQUM	Eriocephalus africanus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
74	EROMO	Erodium moschatum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
75	EYOCH	Euryops chrysanthemoides	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
76	EYOPE	Euryops pectinatus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
77	POLCU	Fallopia japonica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
78	FIUCA	Ficus carica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
79	RHAFR	Frangula alnus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
80	FRXAM	Fraxinus americana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
81	FRXAN	Fraxinus angustifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
82	FRXEX	Fraxinus excelsior	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
83	FRXSS	Fraxinus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
84	GAZRI	Gazania rigens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
85	GENCO	Genista corsica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
86	GENEP	Genista ephedroides	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
87	GENSC	Genista scorpius	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
88	GENSS	Genista sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
89	QEMTR	Genista tridentata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
90	CC279A	Genista valdes‐bermejoi	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
91	GENSA	Genista × spachiana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
92	GIKBI	Ginkgo biloba	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
93	GLITR	Gleditsia triacanthos	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
94	GREJU	Grevillea juniperina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
95	GRERS	Grevillea rosmarinifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
96	HBEEL	Hebe elliptica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
97	HBESS	Hebe sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
98	HELAN	Helianthus annuus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
99	HELSS	Helianthus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
100	HECIT	Helichrysum italicum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
101	HECSS	Helichrysum sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
102	HECST	Helichrysum stoechas	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
103	HIBSY	Hibiscus syriacus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
104	HYPAN	Hypericum androsaemum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
105	HYPPE	Hypericum perforatum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
106	ILEAQ	Ilex aquifolium	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
107	IVAAN	Iva annua	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
108	SENBI	Jacobaea maritima	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
109	KOTBI	Koelreuteria bipinnata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
110	LAEIN	Lagerstroemia indica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
111	LAESS	Lagerstroemia sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
112	LURNO	Laurus nobilis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
113	LAVAN	Lavandula angustifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
114	LAVDE	Lavandula dentata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
115	LAVLA	Lavandula latifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
116	LAVSS	Lavandula sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
117	LAVST	Lavandula stoechas	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
118	LAVHE	Lavandula × heterophylla	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
119	LAVIN	Lavandula × intermedia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
120	LVACR	Lavatera cretica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
121	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
122	LONIM	Lonicera implexa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
123	LONJA	Lonicera japonica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
124	LONPE	Lonicera periclymenum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
125	LONSS	Lonicera sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
126	LUPAD	Lupinus aridorum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
127	LUPVI	Lupinus villosus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
128	MAGGR	Magnolia grandiflora	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
129	MAGSO	Magnolia × soulangeana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
130	MEDAR	Medicago arborea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
131	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
132	MENSU	Mentha suaveolens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
133	MTDEX	Metrosideros excelsa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
134	MTDSS	Metrosideros sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
135	MYMLA	Myoporum laetum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
136	MYMSS	Myoporum sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
137	MYVCO	Myrtus communis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
138	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
139	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
140	OLVES	Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
141	OLVSS	Olea sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
142	PELGV	Pelargonium graveolens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
143	PELSS	Pelargonium sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
144	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
145	PEKAB	Perovskia abrotanoides	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
146	PGASA	Phagnalon saxatile	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
147	PLRAN	Phillyrea angustifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
148	PLMFR	Phlomis fruticosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
149	PLMIT	Phlomis italica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
150	PIAVE	Pistacia vera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
151	PLALA	Plantago lanceolata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
152	PLTOC	Platanus occidentalis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
153	PLTSS	Platanus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
154	PLTHY	Platanus × hispanica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
155	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
156	CC207A	Polygala × grandiflora nana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
157	PRNAR	Prunus armeniaca	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
158	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
159	PRNCF	Prunus cerasifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
160	PRNCE	Prunus cerasus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
161	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
162	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
163	PRNLR	Prunus laurocerasus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
164	PRNME	Prunus mexicana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
165	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
166	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
167	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
168	PTEAQ	Pteridium aquilinum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
169	QUECE	Quercus cerris	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
170	QUECO	Quercus coccinea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
171	QUEFC	Quercus falcata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
172	QUEIL	Quercus ilex	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
173	QUELA	Quercus laevis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
174	QUEMC	Quercus macrocarpa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
175	QUENI	Quercus nigra	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
176	QUEPA	Quercus palustris	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
177	QUEPH	Quercus phellos	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
178	QUEPU	Quercus pubescens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
179	QUERO	Quercus robur	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
180	QUERU	Quercus rubra	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
181	QUESH	Quercus shumardii	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
182	QUESS	Quercus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
183	QUESU	Quercus suber	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
184	RATCO	Ratibida columnifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
185	LGOMO	Retama monosperma	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
186	RHAAL	Rhamnus alaternus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
187	ROBPS	Robinia pseudoacacia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
188	ROSCN	Rosa canina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
189	ROSSS	Rosa sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
190	RUBSS	Rubus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
191	RUBUL	Rubus ulmifolius	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
192	RUAGR	Ruta graveolens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
193	SALMF	Salvia mellifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
194	SALOF	Salvia officinalis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
195	RMSOF	Salvia rosmarinus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
196	SALSS	Salvia sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
197	SAMNI	Sambucus nigra	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
198	SAMSS	Sambucus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
199	SNTCH	Santolina chamaecyparissus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
200	SNTMA	Santolina magonica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
201	SNTSS	Santolina sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
202	SAKSA	Sapindus saponaria	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
203	SXLAM	Scabiosa atropurpurea var. maritima	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
204	SENIQ	Senecio inaequidens	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
205	SOOVI	Solidago virgaurea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
206	SPUJU	Spartium junceum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
207	SPUSS	Spartium sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
208	STZRE	Strelitzia reginae	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
209	SYRVU	Syringa vulgaris	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
210	ULEEU	Ulex europaeus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
211	ULEMI	Ulex minor	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
212	ULEPA	Ulex parviflorus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
213	ULESS	Ulex sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
214	ULMAM	Ulmus americana	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
215	ULMCR	Ulmus crassifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
216	ULMSS	Ulmus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
217	VACAH	Vaccinium ashei	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
218	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
219	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
220	VIBTI	Viburnum tinus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
221	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
222	VINMI	Vinca minor	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
223	VINSS	Vinca sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
224	VIXAC	Vitex agnus‐castus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
225	WESRO	Westringia fruticosa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
226	XANST	Xanthium strumarium	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
227	ACRPL	Acer platanoides	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
228	CCOSS	Calicotome sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
229	CSTIS	Cistus × incanus	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
230	LIRTU	Liriodendron tulipifera	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
231	POGSS	Polygala sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
232	CC206A	Polygala × dalmaisiana	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
233	RHASS	Rhamnus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
234	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACASA	Acacia saligna	Xf subsp. pauca	A
2	ACASS	Acacia sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
3	AMARE	Amaranthus retroflexus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
4	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. pauca	A
5	ASPAC	Asparagus acutifolius	Xf subsp. pauca	A
6	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
7	CHEAL	Chenopodium album	Xf subsp. pauca	A
8	CSTAL	Cistus albidus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
9	CSTIC	Cistus creticus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
10	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
11	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
12	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. pauca	A
13	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
14	OSPFR	Dimorphotheca fruticosa	Xf subsp. pauca	A
15	DODVI	Dodonaea viscosa	Xf subsp. pauca	A
16	ELGAN	Elaeagnus angustifolia	Xf subsp. pauca	A
17	EMHMA	Eremophila maculata	Xf subsp. pauca	A
18	ERIBO	Erigeron bonariensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
19	ERISS	Erigeron sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
20	ERISU	Erigeron sumatrensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
21	EPHCH	Euphorbia chamaesyce	Xf subsp. pauca	A
22	EPHTE	Euphorbia terracina	Xf subsp. pauca	A
23	GENHS	Genista hirsuta	Xf subsp. pauca	A
24	GREJU	Grevillea juniperina	Xf subsp. pauca	A
25	HBESS	Hebe sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
26	HEOEU	Heliotropium europaeum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
27	HIBRS	Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
28	HIBSS	Hibiscus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
29	LURNO	Laurus nobilis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
30	LAVAN	Lavandula angustifolia	Xf subsp. pauca	A
31	LAVDE	Lavandula dentata	Xf subsp. pauca	A
32	LAVSS	Lavandula sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
33	LAVST	Lavandula stoechas	Xf subsp. pauca	A
34	MYMIN	Myoporum insulare	Xf subsp. pauca	A
35	MYVCO	Myrtus communis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
36	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. pauca	A
37	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. pauca	A
38	OLVES	Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris	Xf subsp. pauca	A
39	PELFR	Pelargonium fragrans	Xf subsp. pauca	A
40	PELSS	Pelargonium sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
41	PLRLA	Phillyrea latifolia	Xf subsp. pauca	A
42	PIAVE	Pistacia vera	Xf subsp. pauca	A
43	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. pauca	A
44	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. pauca	A
45	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. pauca	A
46	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
47	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
48	RHAAL	Rhamnus alaternus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
49	RMSOF	Salvia rosmarinus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
50	SPUJU	Spartium junceum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
51	THYVU	Thymus vulgaris	Xf subsp. pauca	A
52	ULEPA	Ulex parviflorus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
53	VINMI	Vinca minor	Xf subsp. pauca	A
54	WESRO	Westringia fruticosa	Xf subsp. pauca	A
55	WESGL	Westringia glabra	Xf subsp. pauca	A
56	POGSS	Polygala sp.	Xf subsp. pauca			C
57	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. pauca			C
58	QUEIL	Quercus ilex	Xf subsp. pauca			C
59	SALOF	Salvia officinalis	Xf subsp. pauca			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi	A
2	COFCA	Coffea canephora	Xf subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	MORAL	Morus alba	Xf subsp. morus	A
2	MORRU	Morus rubra	Xf subsp. morus	A
3	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. morus	A
4	NANDO	Nandina domestica	Xf subsp. morus	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
2	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
3	HEGSS	Hemerocallis sp.	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
4	IACMI	Jacaranda mimosifolia	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
5	MAGGR	Magnolia grandiflora	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
6	NANDO	Nandina domestica	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
7	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
8	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	CXKTA	Chitalpa tashkentensis	Xf subsp. tashke	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	PYUPY	Pyrus pyrifolia	X. taiwanensis	A

APPENDIX B. HOST PLANT SPECIES ARTIFICIALLY INFECTED

B.1.

List of host plant species, artificially infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi and subsp. tashke according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):

A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation.

No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACRMA	Acer macrophyllum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
2	ACRNE	Acer negundo	Xf subsp. unknown	A
3	AECCA	Aesculus californica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
4	ALURH	Alnus rhombifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
5	AMBEL	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
6	AMBSS	Ambrosia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
7	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. unknown	A
8	ARBTH	Arabidopsis thaliana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
9	ARTDO	Artemisia douglasiana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
10	BACPI	Baccharis pilularis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
11	BACSF	Baccharis salicifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
12	BRSNI	Brassica nigra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
13	CYAIL	Carya illinoinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
14	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
15	CIDAF	Citrus aurantiifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
16	CIDCL	Citrus clementina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
17	CC153A	Citrus clementina x C. sinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
18	CIDJA	Citrus jambhiri	Xf subsp. unknown	A
19	CIDRH	Citrus reshni	Xf subsp. unknown	A
20	CIDRE	Citrus reticulata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
21	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
22	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
23	CIDRA	Citrus sunki	Xf subsp. unknown	A
24	CIDUN	Citrus unshiu	Xf subsp. unknown	A
25	CIDLO	Citrus x limonia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
26	CIDNO	Citrus x nobilis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
27	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
28	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
29	COIMA	Conium maculatum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
30	CPMRE	Coprosma repens	Xf subsp. unknown	A
31	CORSA	Coriandrum sativum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
32	CYPER	Cyperus eragrostis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
33	ECHCG	Echinochloa crus‐galli	Xf subsp. unknown	A
34	FAGES	Fagopyrum esculentum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
35	FRXLA	Fraxinus latifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
36	CC181A	Hakea petiolaris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
37	HEEHE	Hedera helix	Xf subsp. unknown	A
38	LOUMA	Lobularia maritima	Xf subsp. unknown	A
39	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
40	MORAL	Morus alba	Xf subsp. unknown	A
41	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
42	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. unknown	A
43	NIOBE	Nicotiana benthamiana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
44	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
45	PRTQU	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
46	PEBAM	Persea americana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
47	PLTOC	Platanus occidentalis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
48	POPFR	Populus fremontii	Xf subsp. unknown	A
49	PRNCF	Prunus cerasifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
50	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
51	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
52	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. unknown	A
53	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
54	PYUPY	Pyrus pyrifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
55	QUEAG	Quercus agrifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
56	QUELO	Quercus lobata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
57	QUERU	Quercus rubra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
58	RHUDI	Rhus diversiloba	Xf subsp. unknown	A
59	ROSCA	Rosa californica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
60	RUBHP	Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
61	RUBDI	Rubus rigidus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
62	RUBUR	Rubus ursinus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
63	SAXLG	Salix laevigata	Xf subsp. unknown	A
64	SAXLL	Salix lasiolepis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
65	SALAP	Salvia apiana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
66	SALMF	Salvia mellifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
67	SAMCN	Sambucus canadensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
68	SAMSS	Sambucus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
69	SPUJU	Spartium junceum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
70	SWAGA	Swainsona galegifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
71	SYPAL	Symphoricarpos albus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
72	TLNMO	Teline monspessulana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
73	ULMAM	Ulmus americana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
74	UMBCA	Umbellularia californica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
75	URTDI	Urtica dioica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
76	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. unknown	A
77	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
78	VICSA	Vicia sativa	Xf subsp. unknown	A
79	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. unknown	A
80	VINMI	Vinca minor	Xf subsp. unknown	A
81	CC229A	Vitis arizonica x V. rupestris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
82	CC233A	Vitis arizonica/candicans x V. rupestris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
83	VITCL	Vitis californica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
84	CC241A	Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
85	VITRF	Vitis rotundifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
86	CC244A	Vitis rotundifolia x V. rupestris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
87	VITRU	Vitis rupestris	Xf subsp. unknown	A
88	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
89	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
90	MORRU	Morus rubra	Xf subsp. unknown
91	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. unknown		B
92	CC232A	Vitis arizonica/candicans	Xf subsp. unknown		B
93	CC249A	Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana	Xf subsp. unknown		B
94	CC256A	Vitis rufotomentosa	Xf subsp. unknown		B
95	FRSAC	Ambrosia acanthicarpa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
96	AMBTT	Ambrosia trifida var. texana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
97	AMSDO	Amsinckia douglasiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
98	BRORI	Anisantha rigida	Xf subsp. unknown			C
99	AVEFA	Avena fatua	Xf subsp. unknown			C
100	BRAPL	Brachiaria plantaginea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
101	BROSS	Bromus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
102	CSPCH	Callistephus chinensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
103	CNNSS	Canna sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
104	BROCA	Ceratochloa cathartica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
105	CC154A	Citrus deliciosa x C. sinensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
106	CIDME	Citrus medica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
107	CIDTG	Citrus tangerina	Xf subsp. unknown			C
108	CIDRP	Citrus x tangelo	Xf subsp. unknown			C
109	GODGR	Clarkia amoena subsp. lindleyi	Xf subsp. unknown			C
110	CPMBA	Coprosma baueri	Xf subsp. unknown			C
111	CTTRT	Cotoneaster rotundifolius	Xf subsp. unknown			C
112	CYNDA	Cynodon dactylon	Xf subsp. unknown			C
113	CYPES	Cyperus esculentus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
114	SAOSC	Cytisus scoparius	Xf subsp. unknown			C
115	DAUCS	Daucus carota subsp. sativus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
116	DIGSA	Digitaria sanguinalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
117	CHEAM	Dysphania ambrosioides	Xf subsp. unknown			C
118	EPIPC	Epilobium brachycarpum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
119	EPICT	Epilobium ciliatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
120	ERADF	Eragrostis diffusa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
121	EROCI	Erodium cicutarium	Xf subsp. unknown			C
122	POLCO	Fallopia convolvulus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
123	GREAL	Grevillea alpina	Xf subsp. unknown			C
124	HELAN	Helianthus annuus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
125	HORMU	Hordeum murinum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
126	HORVX	Hordeum vulgare	Xf subsp. unknown			C
127	IVAAN	Iva annua	Xf subsp. unknown			C
128	LACSE	Lactuca serriola	Xf subsp. unknown			C
129	LTHCI	Lathyrus cicera	Xf subsp. unknown			C
130	LTHCL	Lathyrus clymenum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
131	LTHSA	Lathyrus sativus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
132	LEKLA	Leptospermum laevigatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
133	LOLMU	Lolium multiflorum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
134	LOLTE	Lolium temulentum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
135	LONJA	Lonicera japonica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
136	MEUAL	Melilotus albus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
137	MEUAA	Melilotus albus var. annuus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
138	MEUIN	Melilotus indicus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
139	MEUOF	Melilotus officinalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
140	MENSS	Mentha sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
141	OENSA	Oenanthe sarmentosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
142	OEOEL	Oenothera elata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
143	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
144	PRTTR	Parthenocissus tricuspidata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
145	PASDI	Paspalum dilatatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
146	PELZO	Pelargonium x hortorum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
147	PESCL	Pennisetum clandestinum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
148	PESGL	Pennisetum glaucum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
149	POLPE	Persicaria maculosa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
150	PHAMI	Phalaris minor	Xf subsp. unknown			C
151	PHAPA	Phalaris paradoxa	Xf subsp. unknown			C
152	PHLPR	Phleum pratense	Xf subsp. unknown			C
153	PHNAR	Photinia arbutifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
154	PTUCR	Pittosporum crassifolium	Xf subsp. unknown			C
155	PLTSS	Platanus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
156	POAAN	Poa annua	Xf subsp. unknown			C
157	PMITR	Poncirus trifoliata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
158	RESOD	Reseda odorata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
159	RHERP	Rheum rhaponticum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
160	RUBVI	Rubus vitifolius	Xf subsp. unknown			C
161	RUMCR	Rumex crispus	Xf subsp. unknown			C
162	SAMGL	Sambucus cerulea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
163	SONAS	Sonchus asper	Xf subsp. unknown			C
164	SORHA	Sorghum halepense	Xf subsp. unknown			C
165	SORSU	Sorghum x drummondii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
166	SYRVU	Syringa vulgaris	Xf subsp. unknown			C
167	SYZPA	Syzygium paniculatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
168	TRFFR	Trifolium fragiferum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
169	TRFHY	Trifolium hybridum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
170	TRFIN	Trifolium incarnatum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
171	TRFPR	Trifolium pratense	Xf subsp. unknown			C
172	TRFRE	Trifolium repens	Xf subsp. unknown			C
173	CC260A	Trifolium repens var. latum	Xf subsp. unknown			C
174	URTLY	Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
175	VICMO	Vicia monantha	Xf subsp. unknown			C
176	VITAC	Vitis acerifolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
177	VITAE	Vitis aestivalis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
178	VITAZ	Vitis arizonica	Xf subsp. unknown			C
179	CC271A	Vitis arizonica hybrid	Xf subsp. unknown			C
180	CC234A	Vitis arizonica/girdiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
181	CC235A	Vitis arizonica/girdiana x V. rupestris	Xf subsp. unknown			C
182	VITBE	Vitis berlandieri	Xf subsp. unknown			C
183	VITCA	Vitis candicans	Xf subsp. unknown			C
184	VITCI	Vitis cinerea	Xf subsp. unknown			C
185	CC239A	Vitis cinerea x V. berlandieri	Xf subsp. unknown			C
186	VITGI	Vitis girdiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
187	VITLA	Vitis labrusca	Xf subsp. unknown			C
188	VITLI	Vitis lincecumii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
189	VITMO	Vitis monticola	Xf subsp. unknown			C
190	VITMU	Vitis munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
191	VITPA	Vitis palmata	Xf subsp. unknown			C
192	VITRI	Vitis riparia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
193	VITCN	Vitis simpsonii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
194	VITTI	Vitis tiliaefolia	Xf subsp. unknown			C
195	VITVU	Vitis vulpina	Xf subsp. unknown			C
196	VITCH	Vitis x champinii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
197	CC252A	Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana x V. simpsonii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
198	VITBL	Vitis bloodwothiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
199	VITNE	Vitis nesbittiana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
200	CC257A	Vitis shuttleworthii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
201	VLPMY	Vulpia myuros	Xf subsp. unknown			C
202	XANOR	Xanthium orientale	Xf subsp. unknown			C
203	CC138A	(Prunus salicina x P. angustifolia) x (P. salicina x P. munsoniana)	Xf subsp. unknown				D
204	PRNAN	Prunus angustifolia	Xf subsp. unknown				D
205	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. unknown				D
206	CC210A	Prunus cerasifera x P. salicina	Xf subsp. unknown				D
207	CC213A	Prunus salicina x (P. salicina x P. cerasifera)	Xf subsp. unknown				D
208	CC231A	Vitis arizonica x V. vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown				D
209	CHEQU	Chenopodium quinoa	Xf subsp. unknown					E
210	CJCWE	Citroncirus webberi	Xf subsp. unknown					E
211	CIDMA	Citrus macrophylla	Xf subsp. unknown					E
212	NIOCL	Nicotiana clevelandii	Xf subsp. unknown					E
213	PRNAR	Prunus armeniaca	Xf subsp. unknown					E
214	PRNHO	Prunus hortulana	Xf subsp. unknown					E
215	PRNME	Prunus mexicana	Xf subsp. unknown					E
216	PRNMM	Prunus mume	Xf subsp. unknown					E
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	AMABL	Amaranthus blitoides	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
2	FRSAC	Ambrosia acanthicarpa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
3	AMBEL	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
4	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
5	CHEQU	Chenopodium quinoa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
6	COIMA	Conium maculatum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
7	CONAR	Convolvulus arvensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
8	CYPES	Cyperus esculentus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
9	DATWR	Datura wrightii	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
10	ECHCG	Echinochloa crus‐galli	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
11	ERICA	Erigeron canadensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
12	ERBGR	Eriochloa gracilis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
13	EROMO	Erodium moschatum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
14	EUCCM	Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
15	EUCGL	Eucalyptus globulus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
16	HELAN	Helianthus annuus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
17	PHBPU	Ipomoea purpurea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
18	LACSE	Lactuca serriola	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
19	MALPA	Malva parviflora	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
20	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
21	NIOGL	Nicotiana glauca	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
22	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
23	POPTR	Populus tremula	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
24	POROL	Portulaca oleracea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
25	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
26	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
27	RUBUR	Rubus ursinus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
28	RUMCR	Rumex crispus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
29	SAXAL	Salix alba	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
30	SMMCH	Simmondsia chinensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
31	LYPES	Solanum lycopersicum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
32	SOLME	Solanum melongena	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
33	SONOL	Sonchus oleraceus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
34	SORHA	Sorghum halepense	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
35	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
36	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
37	VICFX	Vicia faba	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
38	VICSA	Vicia sativa	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
39	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
40	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
41	CC247A	Vitis vinifera hybrid	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
42	XANST	Xanthium strumarium	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
43	ARBTH	Arabidopsis thaliana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa		B
44	CHYHO	Dendranthema x grandiflorum	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
45	LURNO	Laurus nobilis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
46	MYVCO	Myrtus communis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
47	NIOBE	Nicotiana benthamiana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
48	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
49	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
50	POPCN	Populus x canescens	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
51	PRNAR	Prunus armeniaca	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
52	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
53	CC211A	Prunus dulcis x P. webbii	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
54	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
55	CC212A	Prunus persica x P. webbii	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
56	PRNWE	Prunus webbii	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
57	PYUCO	Pyrus communis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
58	QUEPE	Quercus petraea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
59	RUBDI	Rubus rigidus	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
60	SAXCP	Salix caprea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
61	SAMCN	Sambucus canadensis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
62	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
63	VITAC	Vitis acerifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
64	VITAE	Vitis aestivalis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
65	VITAZ	Vitis arizonica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
66	CC232A	Vitis arizonica/candicans	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
67	VITBE	Vitis berlandieri	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
68	VITCL	Vitis californica	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
69	VITCA	Vitis candicans	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
70	CC237A	Vitis champinii x (V. solonis x V. othello)	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
71	VITCI	Vitis cinerea	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
72	VITGI	Vitis girdiana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
73	VITLA	Vitis labrusca	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
74	VITMO	Vitis monticola	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
75	VITRI	Vitis riparia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
76	VITRU	Vitis rupestris	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
77	VITTI	Vitis tiliaefolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
78	VITTL	Vitis treleasei	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
79	VITVU	Vitis vulpina	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
80	CC277A	Vitis × doaniana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
81	VITNE	Vitis nesbittiana	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
82	CC257A	Vitis shuttleworthii	Xf subsp. fastidiosa			C
83	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. fastidiosa					E
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	ACRRB	Acer rubrum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
2	AMBEL	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
3	CYAIL	Carya illinoinensis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
4	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
5	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
6	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
7	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
8	PIAVE	Pistacia vera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
9	PLTOC	Platanus occidentalis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
10	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
11	PRNCF	Prunus cerasifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
12	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
13	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
14	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
15	QUEFC	Quercus falcata	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
16	RUBFR	Rubus fruticosus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
17	RUBUR	Rubus ursinus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
18	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
19	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
20	BIDPI	Bidens pilosa	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
21	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
22	LEPRU	Lepidium ruderale	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
23	MABSD	Malus domestica	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
24	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
25	PRNAR	Prunus armeniaca	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
26	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
27	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
28	CC212A	Prunus persica x P. webbii	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
29	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
30	PRNWE	Prunus webbii	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
31	PYUCO	Pyrus communis	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
32	QUEPE	Quercus petraea	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
33	RAPSR	Raphanus sativus	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
34	SAXAL	Salix alba	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
35	SOLAM	Solanum americanum	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
36	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex					E
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	BIDPI	Bidens pilosa	Xf subsp. pauca	A
2	BRADC	Brachiaria decumbens	Xf subsp. pauca	A
3	BRAPL	Brachiaria plantaginea	Xf subsp. pauca	A
4	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. pauca	A
5	CIDRE	Citrus reticulata	Xf subsp. pauca	A
6	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
7	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
8	CIDNO	Citrus x nobilis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
9	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. pauca	A
10	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
11	ECHCG	Echinochloa crus‐galli	Xf subsp. pauca	A
12	IASAZ	Jasminum azoricum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
13	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. pauca	A
14	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. pauca	A
15	NIOCL	Nicotiana clevelandii	Xf subsp. pauca	A
16	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
17	OCIBA	Ocimum basilicum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
18	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. pauca	A
19	POGMY	Polygala myrtifolia	Xf subsp. pauca	A
20	SOLAM	Solanum americanum	Xf subsp. pauca	A
21	ARBTH	Arabidopsis thaliana	Xf subsp. pauca		B
22	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. pauca			C
23	CHEAL	Chenopodium album	Xf subsp. pauca			C
24	DIGHO	Digitaria horizontalis	Xf subsp. pauca			C
25	LEPRU	Lepidium ruderale	Xf subsp. pauca			C
26	MABSD	Malus domestica	Xf subsp. pauca			C
27	PRNAV	Prunus avium	Xf subsp. pauca			C
28	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. pauca			C
29	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. pauca			C
30	PYUCO	Pyrus communis	Xf subsp. pauca			C
31	QUEPE	Quercus petraea	Xf subsp. pauca			C
32	RAPSR	Raphanus sativus	Xf subsp. pauca			C
33	SAXAL	Salix alba	Xf subsp. pauca			C
34	RMSOF	Salvia rosmarinus	Xf subsp. pauca			C
35	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. pauca			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	MORAL	Morus alba	Xf subsp. morus	A
2	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. morus	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
2	MEDSA	Medicago sativa	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
3	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
4	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
5	VINMA	Vinca major	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
6	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
7	MABSD	Malus domestica	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
8	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
9	OLVEU	Olea europaea	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
10	PYUCO	Pyrus communis	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
11	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. sandyi			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	NIOBE	Nicotiana benthamiana	Xf subsp. tashke			C

APPENDIX C. HOST PLANT SPECIES INFECTED IN UNSPECIFIED CONDITIONS

C.1.

List of host plant species, infected in conditions not specified (i.e. the kind of infection (natural or artificial) was not specified in the reference), of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca and subsp. sandyi according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):

A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).

C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).

E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).

No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	AMCAR	Ampelopsis arborea	Xf subsp. unknown	A
2	CTURO	Catharanthus roseus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
3	CTUSS	Catharanthus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
4	CIDJA	Citrus jambhiri	Xf subsp. unknown	A
5	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
6	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
7	HIBSH	Hibiscus schizopetalus	Xf subsp. unknown	A
8	MORNI	Morus nigra	Xf subsp. unknown	A
9	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. unknown	A
10	PRNPS	Prunus persica	Xf subsp. unknown	A
11	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
12	SAMCN	Sambucus canadensis	Xf subsp. unknown	A
13	VITMU	Vitis munsoniana	Xf subsp. unknown	A
14	VITRF	Vitis rotundifolia	Xf subsp. unknown	A
15	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. unknown	A
16	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. unknown	A
17	AMBSS	Ambrosia sp.	Xf subsp. unknown		B
18	CC135A	Periwinkle (common name)	Xf subsp. unknown		B
19	ACRSS	Acer sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
20	CYAIL	Carya illinoinensis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
21	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
22	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. unknown			C
23	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. unknown			C
24	PYUSS	Pyrus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
25	TLNMO	Teline monspessulana	Xf subsp. unknown			C
26	VACDA	Vaccinium darrowii	Xf subsp. unknown			C
27	VACSS	Vaccinium sp.	Xf subsp. unknown			C
28	PRNAN	Prunus angustifolia	Xf subsp. unknown				D
29	VITLA	Vitis labrusca	Xf subsp. unknown				D
30	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. unknown					E
31	NIOTA	Nicotiana tabacum	Xf subsp. unknown					E
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	AMBEL	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
2	LUPSS	Lupinus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
3	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
4	SAMSS	Sambucus sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
5	VITRF	Vitis rotundifolia	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
6	VITSS	Vitis sp.	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
7	VITVI	Vitis vinifera	Xf subsp. fastidiosa	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	AMBTR	Ambrosia trifida	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
2	MORSS	Morus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
3	PLTSS	Platanus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
4	PRNCF	Prunus cerasifera	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
5	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
6	PRNDU	Prunus dulcis	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
7	PRNSC	Prunus salicina	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
8	QUESS	Quercus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
9	RUBFR	Rubus fruticosus	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
10	RUBSS	Rubus sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
11	VACCO	Vaccinium corymbosum	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
12	CC225A	Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
13	VINSS	Vinca sp.	Xf subsp. multiplex	A
14	LIQST	Liquidambar styraciflua	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
15	QUELA	Quercus laevis	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
16	QUERU	Quercus rubra	Xf subsp. multiplex			C
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	CIDSI	Citrus sinensis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
2	CIDSS	Citrus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
3	COFSS	Coffea sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
4	HIBFR	Hibiscus fragilis	Xf subsp. pauca	A
5	HIBSS	Hibiscus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
6	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. pauca	A
7	PRNDO	Prunus domestica	Xf subsp. pauca	A
8	PRNSS	Prunus sp.	Xf subsp. pauca	A
No.	Plant EPPO code	Plant species	Pest	Category
1	COFAR	Coffea arabica	Xf subsp. sandyi	A
2	NEROL	Nerium oleander	Xf subsp. sandyi			C

APPENDIX D. XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPES

D.1.

Number of records for each plant species natural, artificial and infected in not specified conditions by different multilocus sequence types (STs). The records for natural infection are divided per country. In general, the subspecies and the STs are reported as in the publication. If the subspecies and/or the STs are inferred from another publication or obtained from personal communication of the author of the publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment column of the excel file available in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1339343). Abbreviations: AR (Argentina), BR (Brazil), CR (Costa Rica), EC (Ecuador), FR (France), HN (Honduras), IL (Israel), IT (Italy), MX (Mexico), PT (Portugal), ES (Spain), US (United States of America).

X. fastidiosa subspecies/sequence type	Natural														Artificial infection	Not specified infection	Grand Total
	AR	BR	CR	EC	FR	HN	IL	IT	MX	PT	ES	US	Unknown	Total	Total	Total
fastidiosa			22				2		21	6	82	137		270	256	9	535
ST01							2		18	1	82	105		208	250	2	460
Acer sp.												1		1			1
Amaranthus blitoides															1		1
Ambrosia acanthicarpa															2		2
Calicotome spinosa											4			4			4
Catharanthus roseus															2		2
Cercis occidentalis												1		1			1
Chenopodium quinoa															2		2
Cistus monspeliensis											2			2			2
Citrus sinensis												1		1			1
Conium maculatum															2		2
Convolvulus arvensis															1		1
Cyperus esculentus															1		1
Datura wrightii															1		1
Echinochloa crus‐galli															1		1
Erigeron canadensis															1		1
Eriochloa gracilis															1		1
Erodium moschatum															2		2
Eucalyptus camaldulensis															2		2
Eucalyptus globulus															1		1
Ficus carica											1			1			1
Genista lucida											3			3			3
Helianthus annuus															3		3
Ipomoea purpurea															2		2
Juglans regia											4			4			4
Lactuca serriola															3		3
Malva parviflora															2		2
Medicago sativa												3		3	11		14
Metrosideros sp.												1		1			1
Nicotiana benthamiana															1		1
Nicotiana glauca															2		2
Nicotiana tabacum															1		1
Olea europaea															1		1
Pluchea odorata												1		1			1
Polygala myrtifolia											3			3	1		4
Portulaca oleracea															1		1
Prunus avium											11	2		13			13
Prunus domestica															1		1
Prunus dulcis							2				19	23		44	42	1	87
Quercus ilex										1				1			1
Rhamnus alaternus											8			8			8
Rubus ursinus															2		2
Rumex crispus															1		1
Ruta chalepensis											3			3			3
Salix alba															1		1
Sambucus canadensis												2		2			2
Sambucus sp.												1		1			1
Simmondsia chinensis															2		2
Solanum lycopersicum															1		1
Solanum melongena															1		1
Sonchus oleraceus															1		1
Sorghum halepense															1		1
Spartium junceum												1		1			1
Teucrium capitatum											3			3			3
Vaccinium corymbosum												2		2	2		4
Vaccinium sp.															5		5
Vicia faba															1		1
Vicia sativa															1		1
Vitis aestivalis												2		2			2
Vitis girdiana												1		1			1
Vitis sp.									2			31		33		1	34
Vitis vinifera									16		21	32		69	128		197
Vitis vinifera hybrid															9		9
Xanthium strumarium															3		3
ST02										5		26		31	5	7	43
Ambrosia artemisiifolia												2		2		1	3
Citrus limon										1				1			1
Citrus paradisi										1				1			1
Coffea sp.												1		1			1
Elaeagnus angustifolia										1				1			1
Myrtus communis										1				1			1
Polygala myrtifolia															1		1
Prunus domestica															1		1
Quercus petraea															1		1
Salix alba															1		1
Ulex europaeus										1				1			1
Vitis hybrids												2		2			2
Vitis rotundifolia												6		6		1	7
Vitis sp.												5		5			5
Vitis vinifera												10		10	1	5	16
ST03												1		1			1
Lupinus aridorum												1		1			1
ST04												5		5	1		6
Medicago sativa															1		1
Vitis sp.												4		4			4
Vitis vinifera												1		1			1
ST17			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST18			1											1			1
Vitis sp.			1											1			1
ST19			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST20			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST21			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST33			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST47			2											2			2
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
Vitis sp.			1											1			1
ST52			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST54			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST55			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST56			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST57			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST59			1											1			1
Vitis vinifera			1											1			1
ST60			1											1			1
Vitis vinifera			1											1			1
ST61			3											3			3
Citrus sinensis			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			2											2			2
ST72			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST75									3					3			3
Coffea canephora									3					3			3
ST76			2											2			2
Coffea arabica			2											2			2
ST77			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
fastidiosa/sandyi			3						1					4			4
ST72			2											2			2
Coffea arabica			2											2			2
ST75									1					1			1
Coffea canephora									1					1			1
ST76			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
morus												25		25			25
ST29												10		10			10
Morus alba												4		4			4
Morus rubra												4		4			4
Morus sp.												2		2			2
ST30												5		5			5
Morus alba												4		4			4
Nandina domestica												1		1			1
ST31												6		6			6
Morus sp.												6		6			6
ST62												4		4			4
Morus alba												4		4			4
multiplex		6			163			125		103	267	231		895	126	16	1037
ST06					39						155	17		211	57	1	269
Acacia saligna											4			4			4
Acer granatense											1			1			1
Asparagus acutifolius											1			1			1
Calicotome spinosa											6			6			6
Calicotome villosa					1									1			1
Catharanthus roseus															1		1
Cistus albidus											5			5			5
Cistus monspeliensis					1						2			3			3
Cistus salviifolius											2			2			2
Coronilla valentina					1									1			1
Euryops chrysanthemoides					1									1			1
Genista scorpius											1			1			1
Helichrysum italicum					1						13			14			14
Helichrysum stoechas											6			6			6
Laurus nobilis					1						4			5			5
Lavandula angustifolia					1						2			3			3
Lavandula dentata											4			4			4
Lavandula latifolia											3			3			3
Lavandula sp.					1									1			1
Lavandula stoechas					1									1			1
Lavandula x heterophylla					1									1			1
Lavandula x intermedia					1						1			2			2
Medicago sativa															4		4
Nicotiana tabacum															5		5
Olea europaea											2	3		5	31		36
Phagnalon saxatile											4			4			4
Polygala myrtifolia					10						7			17	1		18
Prunus armeniaca											6			6			6
Prunus avium					1									1			1
Prunus cerasifera					1									1	1		2
Prunus cerasus					1									1			1
Prunus domestica											6			6			6
Prunus dulcis											55	14		69	9	1	79
Quercus petraea															1		1
Rhamnus alaternus											7			7			7
Rosa canina					1									1			1
Rubus ursinus															1		1
Salix alba															1		1
Salvia rosmarinus											7			7			7
Santolina chamaecyparissus											2			2			2
Spartium junceum					13						1			14			14
Spartium sp.					1									1			1
Ulex parviflorus											2			2			2
Viburnum tinus											1			1			1
Vitis vinifera															2		2
ST06 and ST07					1									1			1
Cistus monspeliensis					1									1			1
ST06 and/or ST07					76									76			76
Acacia dealbata					1									1			1
Acer pseudoplatanus					2									2			2
Anthyllis hermanniae					1									1			1
Artemisia arborescens					2									2			2
Asparagus acutifolius					2									2			2
Calicotome villosa					1									1			1
Cercis siliquastrum					1									1			1
Cistus creticus					1									1			1
Cistus monspeliensis					2									2			2
Cistus salviifolius					2									2			2
Coronilla valentina					2									2			2
Cytisus scoparius					1									1			1
Cytisus sp.					2									2			2
Cytisus villosus					1									1			1
Euryops chrysanthemoides					1									1			1
Genista corsica					1									1			1
Genista ephedroides					2									2			2
Genista x spachiana					2									2			2
Hebe sp.					2									2			2
Helichrysum italicum					3									3			3
Lavandula angustifolia					2									2			2
Lavandula dentata					2									2			2
Lavandula sp.					3									3			3
Lavandula stoechas					2									2			2
Lavandula x heterophylla					2									2			2
Lavandula x intermedia					3									3			3
Medicago sativa					1									1			1
Metrosideros excelsa					2									2			2
Myrtus communis					2									2			2
Pelargonium graveolens					2									2			2
Pelargonium sp.					2									2			2
Phagnalon saxatile					1									1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					7									7			7
Polygala sp.					1									1			1
Prunus cerasifera					2									2			2
Prunus dulcis					1									1			1
Quercus suber					2									2			2
Rosa canina					1									1			1
Salvia rosmarinus					2									2			2
Spartium junceum					3									3			3
Westringia fruticosa					1									1			1
ST07					37					103	9	28		177	23		200
Acacia dealbata					1									1			1
Acacia longifolia										2				2			2
Acacia melanoxylon										1				1			1
Adenocarpus lainzii										2				2			2
Artemisia arborescens										2				2			2
Artemisia sp.										2				2			2
Asparagus acutifolius										1				1			1
Athyrium filix‐femina										1				1			1
Berberis thunbergii										1				1			1
Calicotome spinosa											1			1			1
Calluna vulgaris										1				1			1
Catharanthus roseus															1		1
Cistus creticus					1									1			1
Cistus inflatus										3				3			3
Cistus monspeliensis					2									2			2
Cistus salviifolius										1				1			1
Convolvulus cneorum					2									2			2
Coprosma repens										3				3			3
Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca					2									2			2
Cytisus scoparius										3				3			3
Dimorphotheca ecklonis										1				1			1
Dodonaea viscosa										2				2			2
Echium plantagineum										1				1			1
Elaeagnus x submacrophylla										1				1			1
Erica cinerea										1				1			1
Erigeron canadensis										1				1			1
Erodium moschatum										1				1			1
Euryops chrysanthemoides					1					1				2			2
Frangula alnus										1				1			1
Gazania rigens										2				2			2
Genista corsica					1									1			1
Genista tridentata										1				1			1
Hebe sp.										3				3			3
Helichrysum italicum					2									2			2
Hibiscus syriacus										1				1			1
Hypericum androsaemum										1				1			1
Hypericum perforatum										1				1			1
Ilex aquifolium										2				2			2
Laurus nobilis										1				1			1
Lavandula angustifolia										2				2			2
Lavandula dentata										6				6			6
Lavandula sp.										1				1			1
Lavandula stoechas										1				1			1
Lavatera cretica										1				1			1
Lonicera periclymenum										1				1			1
Magnolia grandiflora										3				3			3
Magnolia x soulangeana										1				1			1
Medicago sativa					1					2				3	2		5
Metrosideros excelsa										2				2			2
Metrosideros sp.										1				1			1
Myrtus communis										2				2			2
Nerium oleander										1		1		2	1		3
Nicotiana tabacum															1		1
Olea europaea										1		7		8	4		12
Olea sp.												1		1			1
Pelargonium graveolens										1				1			1
Pelargonium sp.					1									1			1
Plantago lanceolata										1				1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					18						3			21	2		23
Prunus avium															1		1
Prunus cerasifera															1		1
Prunus domestica															2		2
Prunus dulcis					2						5	12		19	4		23
Prunus laurocerasus										1				1			1
Prunus persica										1				1			1
Prunus sp.												1		1			1
Pteridium aquilinum										1				1			1
Quercus petraea															1		1
Quercus robur										2				2			2
Quercus rubra										1		3		4			4
Quercus suber										3				3			3
Rosa sp.										1				1			1
Rubus fruticosus															1		1
Rubus ulmifolius										2				2			2
Salix alba															1		1
Salvia mellifera												3		3			3
Salvia officinalis										1				1			1
Salvia rosmarinus										2				2			2
Sambucus nigra										1				1			1
Santolina chamaecyparissus										4				4			4
Santolina sp.										1				1			1
Spartium junceum					2									2			2
Strelitzia reginae										1				1			1
Ulex europaeus										2				2			2
Ulex minor										2				2			2
Ulex sp.										2				2			2
Vinca major										2				2			2
Vinca sp.										1				1			1
Vitis vinifera															1		1
Westringia fruticosa					1									1			1
ST07 and ST88					1									1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					1									1			1
ST08												14		14			14
Alnus rhombifolia												1		1			1
Carya illinoinensis												2		2			2
Platanus occidentalis												8		8			8
Platanus sp.												1		1			1
Quercus palustris												1		1			1
Ulmus americana												1		1			1
ST09												29		29	4		33
Polygala myrtifolia															1		1
Quercus cerris												1		1			1
Quercus coccinea												2		2			2
Quercus falcata												1		1	1		2
Quercus laevis												2		2			2
Quercus nigra												1		1			1
Quercus palustris												11		11			11
Quercus petraea															1		1
Quercus phellos												1		1			1
Quercus robur												1		1			1
Quercus rubra												5		5			5
Quercus shumardii												1		1			1
Quercus sp.												3		3			3
Rubus fruticosus															1		1
ST10												11		11	4		15
Polygala myrtifolia															1		1
Prunus domestica												3		3	1		4
Prunus persica												3		3			3
Prunus sp.												5		5			5
Quercus petraea															1		1
Salix alba															1		1
ST15												3		3			3
Prunus cerasifera												3		3			3
ST22												3		3		1	4
Ambrosia psilostachya												1		1			1
Ambrosia trifida												2		2		1	3
ST23												12		12			12
Acer rubrum												1		1			1
Ambrosia trifida												2		2			2
Helianthus sp.												3		3			3
Iva annua												2		2			2
Quercus rubra												1		1			1
Ratibida columnifera												2		2			2
Solidago virgaurea												1		1			1
ST24												5		5	3		8
Cercis occidentalis												1		1			1
Liquidambar styraciflua												3		3	2		5
Prunus dulcis															1		1
Ulmus crassifolia												1		1			1
ST25												4		4			4
Encelia farinosa												4		4			4
ST26		3										12		15	8		23
Alnus rhombifolia												1		1			1
Bidens pilosa															1		1
Lepidium ruderale															1		1
Prunus cerasifera												2		2	1		3
Prunus domestica		3										1		4			4
Prunus dulcis															1		1
Prunus persica															1		1
Prunus sp.												8		8			8
Raphanus sativus															1		1
Rubus fruticosus															1		1
Solanum americanum															1		1
ST27												7		7		2	9
Ginkgo biloba												1		1			1
Lagerstroemia sp.												1		1			1
Prunus cerasifera																1	1
Prunus dulcis												2		2		1	3
Prunus sp.												3		3			3
ST28												4		4		1	5
Ambrosia trifida												2		2		1	3
Helianthus sp.												1		1			1
Iva annua												1		1			1
ST32												2		2		1	3
Rubus fruticosus																1	1
Rubus sp.												2		2			2
ST34												1		1			1
Prunus cerasifera												1		1			1
ST35												1		1			1
Xanthium strumarium												1		1			1
ST36												1		1	1		2
Prunus cerasifera															1		1
Prunus sp.												1		1			1
ST37												3		3			3
Lupinus aridorum												1		1			1
Lupinus villosus												2		2			2
ST38												1		1			1
Platanus occidentalis												1		1			1
ST39												6		6			6
Koelreuteria bipinnata												1		1			1
Liquidambar styraciflua												4		4			4
Prunus sp.												1		1			1
ST40												4		4		1	5
Prunus cerasifera												3		3		1	4
Sambucus sp.												1		1			1
ST41												9		9		2	11
Prunus domestica																1	1
Prunus salicina												3		3		1	4
Prunus sp.												2		2			2
Ulmus americana												2		2			2
Ulmus sp.												2		2			2
ST42												20		20		3	23
Ambrosia trifida												2		2		1	3
Sapindus saponaria												1		1			1
Vaccinium ashei												6		6			6
Vaccinium corymbosum												5		5		1	6
Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid																1	1
Vaccinium sp.												6		6			6
ST43												8		8		2	10
Vaccinium corymbosum												3		3		1	4
Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid																1	1
Vaccinium sp.												5		5			5
ST44												2		2			2
Quercus palustris												1		1			1
Quercus rubra												1		1			1
ST45												6		6			6
Acer griseum												1		1			1
Ampelopsis cordata												1		1			1
Cercis canadensis												3		3			3
Gleditsia triacanthos												1		1			1
ST46												3		3			3
Celtis occidentalis												1		1			1
Chionanthus sp.												1		1			1
Prunus armeniaca												1		1			1
ST48												1		1			1
Sapindus saponaria												1		1			1
ST49												1		1			1
Prunus sp.												1		1			1
ST50												2		2			2
Fraxinus americana												1		1			1
Fraxinus sp.												1		1			1
ST51												5		5		1	6
Periwinkle (common name)												1		1			1
Vinca sp.												4		4		1	5
ST58												1		1		1	2
Ambrosia trifida												1		1		1	2
ST63		1												1			1
Prunus domestica		1												1			1
ST67		2												2	8		10
Bidens pilosa															1		1
Lepidium ruderale															1		1
Prunus domestica		2												2			2
Prunus salicina															4		4
Raphanus sativus															1		1
Solanum americanum															1		1
ST79					1									1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					1									1			1
ST81											103	1		104	17		121
Acacia saligna											2			2			2
Acacia sp.											1			1			1
Calicotome spinosa											1			1			1
Cistus albidus											4			4			4
Clematis cirrhosa											3			3			3
Ficus carica											9			9			9
Fraxinus angustifolia											3			3			3
Genista valdes‐bermejoi											2			2			2
Helichrysum stoechas											4			4			4
Laurus nobilis											1			1			1
Lavandula angustifolia											3			3			3
Lavandula dentata											3			3			3
Nerium oleander											1			1			1
Olea europaea											11	1		12	15		27
Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris											3			3			3
Phagnalon saxatile											1			1			1
Phillyrea angustifolia											3			3			3
Phlomis italica											2			2			2
Polygala myrtifolia											4			4			4
Prunus domestica											3			3			3
Prunus dulcis											16			16	1		17
Rhamnus alaternus											5			5			5
Salix alba															1		1
Salvia officinalis											3			3			3
Salvia rosmarinus											4			4			4
Santolina chamaecyparissus											5			5			5
Santolina magonica											2			2			2
Spartium junceum											2			2			2
Vitex agnus‐castus											2			2			2
ST82												2		2			2
Vaccinium ashei												2		2			2
ST83												2		2			2
Vaccinium ashei												2		2			2
ST87								125						125	1		126
Acacia dealbata								4						4			4
Asparagus acutifolius								3						3			3
Calicotome spinosa								4						4			4
Calicotome villosa								3						3			3
Cercis siliquastrum								4						4			4
Cistus monspeliensis								4						4			4
Cistus salviifolius								4						4			4
Cistus sp.								6						6			6
Clematis vitalba								2						2			2
Cytisus scoparius								5						5			5
Elaeagnus angustifolia								4						4			4
Ficus carica								4						4			4
Helichrysum italicum								3						3			3
Helichrysum sp.								4						4			4
Laurus nobilis								3						3			3
Lavandula angustifolia								4						4			4
Lavandula dentata								2						2			2
Lavandula sp.								2						2			2
Lonicera implexa								3						3			3
Myrtus communis								3						3			3
Olea europaea															1		1
Phagnalon saxatile								3						3			3
Polygala myrtifolia								10						10			10
Prunus dulcis								11						11			11
Quercus ilex								1						1			1
Rhamnus alaternus								8						8			8
Rosa canina								2						2			2
Salvia rosmarinus								6						6			6
Scabiosa atropurpurea var. maritima								2						2			2
Spartium junceum								11						11			11
ST88					6									6			6
Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca					1									1			1
Dimorphotheca ecklonis					1									1			1
Euryops chrysanthemoides					1									1			1
Hebe sp.					1									1			1
Lavandula x intermedia					1									1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					1									1			1
ST89					2									2			2
Myoporum sp.					1									1			1
Viburnum tinus					1									1			1
pauca	8	139	10	6	4			474			38		4	683	261	23	967
ST11		52												52	14	3	69
Catharanthus roseus															2		2
Citrus sinensis		22												22	4	3	29
Citrus sp.		29												29			29
Coffea arabica															4		4
Coffea sp.		1												1			1
Nicotiana tabacum															4		4
ST12		3												3		3	6
Citrus sinensis		2												2		2	4
Citrus sp.		1												1		1	2
ST13		12												12	89	3	104
Arabidopsis thaliana															1		1
Bidens pilosa															3		3
Catharanthus roseus															14		14
Citrus reticulata															3		3
Citrus sinensis		6												6	23	3	32
Citrus sp.		6												6	21		27
Medicago sativa															3		3
Nicotiana clevelandii															1		1
Nicotiana tabacum															12		12
Ocimum basilicum															3		3
Periwinkle (common name)															1		1
Solanum americanum															4		4
ST14		8												8		4	12
Coffea arabica		1												1			1
Coffea sp.		6												6		2	8
Prunus domestica																1	1
Prunus sp.		1												1		1	2
ST16		52												52	15	1	68
Citrus sinensis															1		1
Coffea arabica		2												2	7		9
Coffea sp.		17												17		1	18
Nicotiana tabacum															6		6
Olea europaea		33												33	1		34
ST53			8		4			474					3	489	116	6	611
Acacia saligna								3						3			3
Amaranthus retroflexus								3						3			3
Asparagus acutifolius								3						3			3
Catharanthus roseus								2						2	12		14
Chenopodium album								5						5	1		6
Cistus creticus								1						1			1
Coffea arabica			3										2	5	1		6
Coffea sp.													1	1	1	2	4
Dimorphotheca fruticosa								1						1			1
Dodonaea viscosa								2						2			2
Eremophila maculata								1						1			1
Erigeron bonariensis								3						3			3
Erigeron sp.								6						6			6
Erigeron sumatrensis								1						1			1
Euphorbia chamaesyce								2						2			2
Euphorbia terracina								1						1			1
Grevillea juniperina								1						1			1
Hebe sp.								1						1			1
Heliotropium europaeum								3						3			3
Jasminum azoricum															2		2
Laurus nobilis								2						2			2
Lavandula angustifolia								3						3			3
Lavandula sp.								1						1			1
Lavandula stoechas								2						2			2
Medicago sativa															1		1
Myoporum insulare								1						1			1
Myrtus communis								3						3			3
Nerium oleander			5					18						23	8	4	35
Nicotiana tabacum															7		7
Olea europaea					1			338						339	57		396
Pelargonium fragrans								1						1			1
Pelargonium sp.								1						1			1
Periwinkle (common name)								1						1			1
Phillyrea latifolia								2						2			2
Pistacia vera								1						1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					1			23						24	9		33
Prunus avium								9						9	4		13
Prunus domestica															2		2
Prunus dulcis								11						11	4		15
Prunus persica					1									1			1
Quercus ilex					1									1			1
Quercus petraea															1		1
Rhamnus alaternus								4						4			4
Salix alba															1		1
Salvia rosmarinus								6						6			6
Spartium junceum								2						2			2
Vinca minor								1						1			1
Vitis vinifera															5		5
Westringia fruticosa								4						4			4
Westringia glabra								1						1			1
ST64		1												1			1
Citrus sinensis		1												1			1
ST65		1												1	2		3
Catharanthus roseus															2		2
Citrus sinensis		1												1			1
ST66		1												1			1
Coffea arabica		1												1			1
ST68		1												1			1
Coffea arabica		1												1			1
ST69	6													6		1	7
Citrus sinensis	4													4		1	5
Olea europaea	2													2			2
ST70		2												2	2	2	6
Catharanthus roseus															2		2
Hibiscus fragilis																1	1
Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis		1												1			1
Hibiscus sp.		1												1		1	2
ST71		1												1	4		5
Bidens pilosa															1		1
Lepidium ruderale															1		1
Prunus domestica		1												1			1
Raphanus sativus															1		1
Solanum americanum															1		1
ST73			1										1	2	4		6
Catharanthus roseus															1		1
Coffea arabica			1										1	2			2
Nerium oleander															1		1
Nicotiana tabacum															1		1
Polygala myrtifolia															1		1
ST73 and ST53			1											1			1
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
ST74				6										6			6
Coffea arabica				6										6			6
ST78	2													2			2
Olea europaea	1													1			1
Prunus dulcis	1													1			1
ST80											38			38	15		53
Acacia saligna											2			2			2
Acacia sp.											1			1			1
Cistus albidus											4			4			4
Elaeagnus angustifolia											1			1			1
Genista hirsuta											2			2			2
Lavandula angustifolia											2			2			2
Lavandula dentata											3			3			3
Olea europaea											5			5	15		20
Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris											2			2			2
Polygala myrtifolia											3			3			3
Prunus dulcis											6			6			6
Salvia officinalis											1			1			1
Salvia rosmarinus											3			3			3
Thymus vulgaris											1			1			1
Ulex parviflorus											2			2			2
ST84		3												3			3
Olea europaea		3												3			3
ST85		1												1			1
Olea europaea		1												1			1
ST86		1												1			1
Olea europaea		1												1			1
sandyi			4		1	1						25	1	32	9	1	42
ST05												25		25	4		29
Hemerocallis sp.												1		1			1
Jacaranda mimosifolia												1		1			1
Magnolia grandiflora												1		1			1
Nerium oleander												22		22	1		23
Prunus dulcis															1		1
Vinca major															2		2
ST72			2			1							1	4	5	1	10
Coffea arabica			2										1	3	1	1	5
Coffea sp.						1								1			1
Nerium oleander															1		1
Olea europaea															3		3
ST76			2		1									3			3
Coffea arabica			1											1			1
Coffea sp.			1											1			1
Polygala myrtifolia					1									1			1
Grand Total	8	145	39	6	168	1	2	599	22	109	387	418	5	1909	652	49	2610

APPENDIX E. REFERENCES INCLUDED IN THIS UPDATE

E.1.

List of the 47 references included in this sixth update of the Xylella spp. host plant database. Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from those references and added to the database.

1. Ali, M. E., Hudson, O., Waliullah, S., Ji, P., Williams‐Woodward, J. L. and Oliver, J. E. (2020). First report of bacterial leaf scorch disease of American Elm caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Georgia, USA. Plant Disease, 104(6).

2. Amoia, S. S., Loconsole, G., Ligorio, A., Pantazis, A. K. K., Papadakis, G., Gizeli, E., & Minafra, A. (2023). A colorimetric LAMP detection of Xylella fastidiosa in crude alkaline sap of olive trees in Apulia as a field‐based tool for disease containment. Agriculture‐Basel, 13.

3. Amoia, S. S., Minafra, A., Ligorio, A., Cavalieri, V., Boscia, D., Saponari, M., & Loconsole, G. (2023). Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in host plants and insect vectors by droplet digital PCR. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(3).

4. Boutigny, A. L., Remenant, B., Legendre, B., Beven, V., Rolland, M., Blanchard, Y., & Cunty, A. (2023). Direct Xylella fastidiosa whole genome sequencing from various plant species using targeted enrichment. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 208.

5. Burbank, L., Sisterson, M. S., Wei, W., Ortega, B., Luna, N., & Naegele, R. P. (2023). High growing season temperatures limit winter recovery of grapevines from Xylella fastidiosa infection – implications for epidemiology in hot climates. Plant Disease.

6. Camposeo, S., Vivaldi, G. A., & Saponari, M. (2022). Attempts to reduce the systemic spread of Xylella fastidiosa in olive trees by pruning. Agronomy, 12(12).

7. Casarin, N., Hasbroucq, S., López‐Mercadal, J., Miranda, M. Á., Bragard, C., & Grégoire, J. C. (2023). Measuring the threat from a distance: insight into the complexity and perspectives for implementing sentinel plantation to test the host range of Xylella fastidiosa. NeoBiota, 84, 47–80.

8. Castro, C., Massonnet, M., Her, N., DiSalvo, B., Jablonska, B., Jeske, D. R., Cantu, D., & Roper, M. C. (2023). Priming grapevine with lipopolysaccharide confers systemic resistance to Pierce's disease and identifies a peroxidase linked to defense priming. New Phytologist, 239(2), 687–704.

9. Choueiri, E., Abou Kubaa, R., Valentini, F., Yaseen, T., El Sakka, H., Gerges, S., La Notte, P., Saponari, M., Elbeaino, T., & El Moujabber, M. (2023). First report of Xylella fastidiosa on almond (Prunus dulcis) in Lebanon. Journal of Plant Pathology.

10. Donegan, M. A. A., Coletta‐Filho, H. D., & Almeida, R. P. P. (2023). Parallel host shifts in a bacterial plant pathogen suggest independent genetic solutions. Molecular Plant Pathology.

11. Donghia, A. M., Santoro, F., Minutillo, S. A., Frasheri, D., Gallo, M., Gualano, S., Cavallo, G., & Valentini, F. (2022). Optimisation of sampling and testing for asymptomatic olive trees infected by Xylella fastidiosa in Apulia region, Italy. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 61(3), 439–449.

12. Dupas, E., Durand, K., Rieux, A., Briand, M., Pruvost, O., Cunty, A., Denance, N., Donnadieu, C., Legendre, B., Lopez‐Roques, C., Cesbron, S., Ravigne, V., & Jacques, M.‐A. (2023). Suspicions of two bridgehead invasions of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in France. Communications Biology, 6(1).

13. El Handi, K., Sabri, M., Valentini, F., De Stradis, A., Achbani, E. H., Hafidi, M., El Moujabber, M., & Elbeaino, T. (2022). Exploring active peptides with antimicrobial activity in planta against Xylella fastidiosa. Biology, 11(11).

14. Europhyt notification n. 1157 (Update 11).

15. Europhyt notification n. ‐124 (Update 33).

16. Europhyt notification n. 1993 (Update 2).

17. Europhyt notification n. 2008 (Update 1).

18. Europhyt notification n. 2105 (Update 1).

19. Europhyt notification n. 2106 (Update 1).

20. Europhyt notification n. 2136 (Update 00).

21. Europhyt notification n. 2139 (Update 00).

22. Europhyt notification n. 2146 (Update 1).

23. Europhyt notification n. 2160 (Update 00).

24. Europhyt notification n. 2183 (Update 00).

25. Europhyt notification n. 2208 (Update 00).

26. Europhyt notification n. 2256 (Update 00).

27. Europhyt notification n. ‐228 (Update 27).

28. Europhyt notification n. 246 (Update 20).

29. Europhyt notification n. 753 (Update 22).

30. Giampetruzzi, A., Loconsole, G., Zicca, S., Boscia, D., Balestra, G. M., & Saponari, M. (2023). Draft genome sequence resource of Xylella fastidiosa strain Alm_Lz_1 associated with a new outbreak in Lazio, Italy. Phytopathology, 113(1), 108–111.

31. Guan, W., Shao, J., Zhao, T., & Huang, Q. (2023). Draft genome sequence of a Xylella fastidiosa strain causing Bacterial Leaf Scorch of American Elm in Washington, DC. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 12(1).

32. Huerta‐Acosta, K. G., Riaz, S., Tenscher, A., & Walker, M. A. (2023). Genetic characterization of Pierce's Disease resistance in a Vitis arizonica/monticola wild grapevine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 74(1).

33. Hussain, M., Girelli, C. R., Verweire, D., Oehl, M. C., Avendano, M. S., Scortichini, M., & Fanizzi, F. P. (2023). H‐1‐NMR metabolomics study after foliar and endo‐therapy treatments of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca infected olive trees: medium time monitoring of field experiments. Plants‐Basel, 12(10).

34. Ingel, B., Castro, C., Burbank, L., Her, N., De Anda, N. I., Way, H., Wang, P., and Roper, C. (2023). Xylella fastidiosa requires the Type II secretion system for pathogenicity and survival in grapevine. Molecular Plant‐Microbe Interactions (MPMI).

35. Johnson, K. A., Bock, C. H., & Brannen, P. M. (2022). Historic and current prevalence of phony peach disease, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, in the United States. Acta Horticulturae, 1352, 487–494.

36. Johnson, K. A., Bock, C. H., Vinson, E. L., & Brannen, P. M. (2023). Prevalence and distribution of Phony Peach Disease (caused by Xylella fastidiosa) in the United States. Plant Disease, 107(2), 326–334.

37. Johnson, K. A., Chen, C., Bock, C. H., & Brannen, P. M. (2023). Plant growth stimulants and defense activators fail to control phony peach disease in mature peach orchards. Crop Protection, 171.

38. Kahn, A. K., Sicard, A., Cooper, M., Daugherty, M., Donegan, M. A., & Almeida, R. (2023). Progression of Xylella fastidiosa infection in grapevines under field conditions. Phytopathology.

39. Montesinos, L., Baró, A., Gascón, B., & Montesinos, E. (2023). Bactericidal and plant defense elicitation activities of Eucalyptus oil decrease the severity of infections by Xylella fastidiosa on almond plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14.

40. Morales‐Cruz, A., Aguirre‐Liguori, J., Massonnet, M., Minio, A., Zaccheo, M., Cochetel, N., Walker, A., Riaz, S., Zhou, Y., Cantu, D., & Gaut, B. S. (2023). Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate. Communications Biology, 6(1).

41. Olawole, O. I., Uribe, P., Rodriguez, N. A., Gonzalez, C. F., & Ong, K. L. (2022). First report of Bacterial Leaf Scald of plum caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Texas. Plant Disease, 106(12), 3198.

42. Oliver, J. E., Lewis, K. J., Taylor, S. J., & Chen, J. (2023). Complete genome sequences of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa and X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex strains causing blueberry Bacterial Leaf Scorch disease in Georgia, USA. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 12(6).

43. Poblete, T., Navas‐Cortes, J. A., Hornero, A., Camino, C., Calderon, R., Hernandez‐Clemente, R., Landa, B. B., & Zarco‐Tejada, P. J. (2023). Detection of symptoms induced by vascular plant pathogens in tree crops using high‐resolution satellite data: Modelling and assessment with airborne hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 295.

44. Roddee, J., Backus, E. A., Cervantes, F. A., & Hanboonsong, Y. (2023). Xylella fastidiosa inoculation behaviors (EPG X wave) are performed differently by blue‐green sharpshooters based on infection status of prior probing host. Journal Of Economic Entomology, 116(3), 697–712.

45. Román‐Écija, M., Navas‐Cortés, J. A., Velasco‐Amo, M. P., Arias‐Giraldo, L. F., Gómez, L. M., De La Fuente, L., & Landa, B. B. (2023). Two Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex strains isolated from almond in spain differ in plasmid content and virulence traits. Phytopathology, 113(6), 960–974.

46. Shantharaj, D., Naranjo, E., Merfa, M. V., Cobine, P. A., Santra, S., & De La Fuente, L. (2023). Zinc oxide‐based nanoformulation zinkicide mitigates the xylem‐limited pathogen Xylella fastidiosa in Tobacco and Southern Highbush Blueberry. Plant Disease, 107(4), 1096–1106.

47. Su, C.‐C., Fung, J.‐A., Chang, R.‐J., Chang, C. J., Jan, J. F., Shih, H.‐T., & Chen, J. C. (2023). TaqMan quantitative‐PCR detection of Xylella taiwanensis in Taiwan. Plant Disease.

ANNEX A. LINKS TO DATA AND INTERACTIVE REPORTS

A.1.

Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella

Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to version 9 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).

Gibin, D. , Gutierrez Linares, A. , Fasanelli, E. , Pasinato, L. , & Delbianco, A. (2023). Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023. EFSA Journal, 21(12), e8477. 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477