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. 2023 Dec 1;11:1199577. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199577

Table 2.

Community engagement, social support, and loneliness by demographics.

Community engagement Social support Loneliness
All 2.29 (0.59) 4.91 (1.05) 15.78 (4.16)
Age
50–59 2.22 (0.60) 4.85 (1.12) 16.27 (4.23)
60–69 2.29 (0.54) 4.95 (0.97) 15.38 (4.09)
70 and above 2.35 (0.64) 4.89 (1.12) 15.93 (4.15)
F-test 10.6 ** 0.9 4.2 *
Gender
Male 2.33 (0.59) 4.91 (1.00) 15.75 (4.02)
Female 2.26 (0.58) 4.90 (1.11) 15.82 (4.27)
F-test 3.3 0.1 0.1
Education
Below high school 2.28 (0.53) 4.66 (1.13) 16.71 (3.82)
High school 2.26 (0.61) 4.93 (1.11) 15.99 (4.14)
Above high school 2.32 (0.60) 5.01 (0.96) 15.16 (4.23)
F-test 1.2 9.1 *** 11.8 ***
Living Status
Alone 2.29 (0.56) 4.88 (1.09) 16.83 (3.89)
With another person 2.30 (0.58) 4.89 (1.08) 15.63 (4.22)
With more than one person 2.29 (0.60) 4.91 (1.03) 15.76 (4.13)
F-test 0.1 0.1 2.7

N = 1,067. Numbers in parentheses show standard errors. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.