Table 1.

Existing healing garden analysis data.

Factors	Subfactors	The Joel Schnaper Memorial Garden	The Elizabeth & Nona Evans Restorative Garden	Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia
Kaplan factors	Coherence	The garden is small but well-organized.	Paths are clear and readable. Different areas such as the meditation garden and the horticultural health garden are clearly separate.	The outdoor environment is organized with lines and curved patterns.
	Legibility	The overall planning is very intuitive, patients can see where they want to go in any place in the garden.	This healing garden is composed of three unique landscape areas, each has its own boundary.	Landmarks and paths help make this garden legible.
	Mystery	There is not much mystery in the gardens as patients can easily see the entire garden at a glance.	The size of the garden creates mystery because visitors can only know it by exploring it entirely. Using walls with openings, and different height of plants could also increase the feeling of mystery.	The garden is relative open, but walls, plants, different areas help to increase its mystery.
	Complexity	The Activity pavilion is flexible, is movable and can be combined as needs be to hold large or small activities.	The garden has many activities for visitors to engage in like contemplation, exploring nature, teaching activities, planting etc.	Different kinds of vegetation, water landscape stimulate the visitor's senses.
Ulrich factors	Movement and exercise	Working with plants, Walking through the garden.	Walking through the gardens, a lot of space to walk in and many activities can be engaged in.	A lot of space and area for visitors to walk in, long path for people to wander.
	Social support	Patients can help each other at project and communication in the demonstration farm.	Spend time with family, friends and staff, gain physical and mental vitality through cultivation activities and communication with other people.	Set seating and rest area and gathering area to enjoy time with others
	Sense of control	Have opportunity to take care of plants and display in the demonstration farm.	Have multiple spaces for different people to choose from, walls provide security, and allow people to visit and exit the garden freely	Have different areas to engage with and choose from
	Natural distractions	Plants offer distraction.	Sounds of nature, vegetation diversity, and the water landscape on the wall, attract people and bring people different sensory experiences, different activities in the garden for visitors.	Sounds of water from the wall with water elements, diversity of vegetation
Other factors	Risk of injury	Flat ground, use plants as barrier rather than sharp concrete wall.	The sidewalk has a small slope which can minimize fatigue and increase the safety of people walk on it	The slope of the ground has been minimized, planters and other elements are rounded rather than having sharp corners.
	Security	It's surrounded by walls on all sides.	It's surrounded by plants and walls, and it's been built in a botanical garden.	It has open and half open space, relatively quiet and safe.
	Accessibility	The space is designed to make wheelchair use easy	This is a place where everyone can enjoy, while the privacy and publicness of the garden are in balance.	This area is relatively open, it's in front of the hospital, beside the parking area and connected to the courtyard of the hospital.
Overall statement		The overall planning is very intuitive. Patients can see where they want to go in any place in the garden. At the same time, the design of the garden is very flexible, not only because of the flat roads and the accessibility of the area, but also the movable pavilion can be changed according to the needs of patients. For example, the tent can be moved and combined as needed to hold large or small activities. It can also be used as a shady place for patients to communicate with each other.	In general, the overall layout is reasonable and human, emphasizing and focusing on natural landscapes, having multiple spaces for different people to choose from, and emphasizing the physical and psychological treatment of people at the same time. The sensory garden is easy to experience with the five senses.	The designer set wandering area, gather area, rest and seating area, plants area for people to choose to have their rehabilitation training. The sound made from the water landscape wall attracts people and attenuates the surrounding noise and increases the sense of interest with a diversity of local vegetation, straight and curved facilities.