Table 2:
Group-level estimated marginal means for the study’s primary outcome variables. Group level p-values from post hoc pairwise comparisons conducted via orthogonal contrasts within mixed models are included and are bolded when significant.
| Parameter | Estimated Marginal Mean (95% CI) | Post Hoc Pairwise Comparisons conducted via orthogonal contrasts within mixed models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Straight | Pre-Planned | Late-Cued | Straight vs. Pre-Planned | Straight vs. Late-Cued | Pre-Planned vs. Late-Cued | ||
|
| |||||||
| Hf (x10−3) | Minimum | −3.69 (−4.90, −2.49) | −5.31 (−6.52, −4.11) | −6.71 (−7.91, −5.50) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Maximum | 4.11 (3.33, 4.90) | 4.60 (3.81, 5.39) | 4.34 (3.56, 5.13) | 0.008 | 0.21 | 0.21 | |
| Range | 7.81 (5.87, 9.75) | 9.90 (7.96, 11.84) | 11.02 (9.08, 12.96) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.005 | |
|
| |||||||
| Lateral Distance – Left Step | Minimum | 0.12 (0.10, 0.14) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.08) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Maximum | 0.19 (0.17, 0.20) | 0.14 (0.13, 0.16) | 0.20 (0.18, 0.21) | <0.0001 | 0.31 | <0.0001 | |
|
| |||||||
| Lateral Distance – Right Step | Minimum | 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.24) | 0.23 (0.20, 0.26) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.058 |
| Maximum | 0.20 (0.18, 0.22) | 0.28 (0.26, 0.30) | 0.32 (0.30, 0.34) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
|
| |||||||
| MOS – Left Step (m) | Minimum | −0.11 (−0.13, −0.09) | −0.07 (−0.09, −0.05) | −0.08 (−0.10, −0.06) | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.26 |
| Maximum | 0.11 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | <0.0001 | 0.002 | <0.0001 | |
|
| |||||||
| MOS – Right Step (m) | Minimum | −0.07 (−0.13, −0.03) | −0.14 (−0.19, −0.09) | −0.19 (−0.24, −0.14) | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.003 |
| Maximum | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | 0.16 (0.14, 0.18) | 0.18 (0.16, 0.20) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | |
|
| |||||||
| Lateral Distance | Minimum | 0.12 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.08) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Maximum | 0.21 (0.18, 0.23) | 0.28 (0.26, 0.30) | 0.31 (0.29, 0.34) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | |
|
| |||||||
| MOS (m) | Minimum | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07) | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.10) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.15) | 0.055 | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
| Maximum | 0.12 (0.09, 0.13) | 0.16 (0.14, 0.18) | 0.17 (0.15, 0.19) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.02 | |