Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without disease recurrence
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 280) |
No recurrence (n = 191) |
Recurrence (n = 89) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinicopathologic features | ||||
| Age (years)a | 40.74 ± 13.61 | 39.07 ± 11.91 | 44.31 ± 16.19 | 0.003* |
| Sex | 0.019* | |||
| Male | 94 (33.6) | 55 (28.8) | 39 (43.8) | |
| female | 186 (66.4) | 136 (71.2) | 50 (56.2) | |
| Tumor size (mm)a | 24.58 ± 14.61 | 22.74 ± 11.76 | 28.52 ± 18.84 | 0.002* |
| Bilaterality | 0.005* | |||
| Absence | 137 (48.9) | 105 (55.0) | 32 (36.0) | |
| Presence | 143 (51.1) | 86 (45.0) | 57 (64.0) | |
| Multifocality | 0.114 | |||
| Absence | 102 (36.4) | 76 (39.8) | 26 (29.2) | |
| Presence | 178 (63.6) | 115 (60.2) | 63 (70.8) | |
| Extrathyroidal extension | 0.119 | |||
| Absence | 17 (6.1) | 15 (7.9) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Presence | 263 (93.9) | 176 (92.1) | 87 (97.8) | |
| Number of metastatic LNb | 11 (4–19) | 10 (3–17) | 15 (8–24) | < 0.001* |
| Concomitant thyroid disease | 0.067 | |||
| Neither | 73 (26.1) | 44 (23.0) | 29 (32.6) | |
| Nodular goiter | 142 (50.7) | 96 (50.3) | 46 (51.7) | |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 55 (19.6) | 45 (23.6) | 10 (11.2) | |
| Both | 10 (3.6) | 6 (3.1) | 4 (4.5) | |
| Surgical option | 0.678 | |||
| Total thyroidectomy | 237 (84.6) | 160 (83.8) | 77 (86.5) | |
| Subtotal or semi-total thyroidectomy | 43 (15.4) | 31 (16.2) | 12 (13.5) | |
| T stage | 0.001* | |||
| T1a | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| T1b | 9 (3.2) | 7 (3.7) | 2 (2.2) | |
| T2 | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| T3 | 233 (83.2) | 166 (86.9) | 67 (75.3) | |
| T4a | 32 (11.4) | 12 (6.3) | 20 (22.5) | |
| N stage | 0.044* | |||
| N0 | 27 (9.6) | 24 (12.6) | 3 (3.4) | |
| N1a | 40 (14.3) | 28 (14.7) | 12 (13.5) | |
| N1b | 213 (76.1) | 139 (72.8) | 74 (83.1) | |
| 131I radiotherapy | 0.044* | |||
| Not received | 152 (54.3) | 112 (58.6) | 40 (44.9) | |
| Received | 128 (45.7) | 79 (41.4) | 49 (55.1) | |
| Family history | 0.576 | |||
| Absence | 266 (95.0) | 180 (94.2) | 86 (96.6) | |
| Presence | 14 (5.0) | 11 (5.8) | 3 (3.4) | |
| CT features | ||||
| Shape | 0.842 | |||
| Regular | 12 (4.3) | 9 (4.7) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Irregular | 268 (95.7) | 182 (95.3) | 86 (96.6) | |
| Margin | 0.510 | |||
| Well-defined | 11 (3.9) | 9 (4.7) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Ill-defined | 269 (96.1) | 182 (95.3) | 87 (97.8) | |
| Calcification | 0.275 | |||
| Absence | 125 (44.6) | 90 (47.1) | 35 (39.3) | |
| Presence | 155 (55.4) | 101 (52.9) | 54 (60.7) | |
| CT-reported LN status | 0.009* | |||
| Negative | 31 (11.1) | 28 (14.7) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Positive | 249 (88.9) | 163 (85.3) | 86 (96.6) |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are the number of patients and data in parentheses are percentages
a Data are means ± standard deviation
b Data are medians, with interquartile range in parentheses
*Statistically significant difference
CT: computed tomography; LN: lymph nodes