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. 2023 Dec 15;25:246. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03208-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Differences in gene expression profile and enrichment analysis between NORA and CRA groups. A GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) enrichment analysis demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly enriched in the control compared to NORA group. B GSEA enrichment analysis demonstrated a significant enrichment of citrate cycle (TCA) cycle in CRA compared to control. C Volcano plot showed differentially expressed genes between NORA and control, with 11 upregulated and 185 downregulated genes. D Volcano plot showed 211 differentially expressed genes between CRA and control, with 48 upregulated and 163 under-regulated genes. E Volcano plot showed 40 differentially expressed genes between NORA and CRA, with 10 were upregulated and 30 were downregulated. F, G Bubble plots illustrated the results of KEGG and GO enrichment analysis for 40 differentially expressed genes, respectively. H, I The bar graphs demonstrated the expression of ACHE and DGKI genes in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway