Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis
| First author and | Sample size | BMI | Baseline serum urate | Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| publication year | Country | Group | Intervention | (M/F) | Age (year) | (kg/m2) | concentration | Time of follow-up | indicators |
| Becker 2005 [18] | USA | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 243/13 | 51.8 ± 11.7 | 32.7 ± 6.1 | 9.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL | 52 w | ①②③ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 243/10 | 51.6 ± 12.6 | 32.6 ± 6.1 | 9.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL | ||||
| Becker 2009 [19] | USA | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 649(Na/Na) | 51.4 ± 11.9 | 32.3 ± 5.7 | 9.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL | 3 y | ①③④ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 145 (Na/Na) | 51.0 ± 11.3 | 33.8 ± 6.7 | 9.8 ± 1.1 mg/dL | ||||
| Becker 2010 [20] | USA | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 722/35 | 52.5 ± 11.6 | 32.9 ± 6.3 | 9.6 ± 1.1 mg/dL | 28 w | ①②④ |
| Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 710/46 | 53.0 ± 11.7 | 32.9 ± 6.3 | 9.6 ± 1.2 mg/dL | |||||
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 200/300 mg/day | 709/47 | 52.9 ± 11.7 | 32.7 ± 6.2 | 9.5 ± 1.1 mg/dL | ||||
| Huang 2014 [21] | China | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 167/5 | 46.42 ± 10.9 | 25.6 ± 2.8 | 9.8 ± 1.3 mg/dL | 28 w | ③ |
| Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 169/3 | 46.4 ± 10.9 | 25.2 ± 2.6 | 9.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL | |||||
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 168/4 | 46.4 ± 10.9 | 25.4 ± 2.5 | 9.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL | ||||
| Kamatani 2011 [22] | Japan | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 10/0 | 56 ± 8.2 | Na | 8.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL | 16 w | ① |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 19/0 | 51.3 ± 12 | Na | 8.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL | ||||
| Mackenzie 2020 [23] | UK | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 2619/444 | 71.0 ± 6.4 | 31.0 ± 5.1 | 0.297 mmol/L | 1467 (1029–2052) d | ③ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 200/300 mg/day | 2606/459 | 70.9 ± 6.5 | 31.2 ± 5.3 | 0.297 mmol/L | ||||
| Nakagomi 2015 [24] | Japan | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 22/9 | 69.3 ± 10.0 | 23.6 ± 2.4 | 9.4 ± 0.5 mg/dL | 23.0 (13–47) m | ③ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 18/12 | 71.8 ± 8.0 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 9.3 ± 0.5 mg/dL | ||||
| Schumacher 2008 [25] | USA | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 251/16 | 51 ± 12 | 33 ± 6 | > 8 mg/dL | 28 w | ①③④ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 249/19 | 52 ± 12 | 33 ± 6 | > 8 mg/dL | ||||
| Xu 2015 [26] | China | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 158/2 | 45.5 ± 11.9 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 560.8 ± 73.3 umol/L | 24 w | ①②③④ |
| Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 146/12 | 48.2 ± 12.0 | 25.1 ± 2.6 | 565.1 ± 75.5 umol/L | |||||
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 149/10 | 46.6 ± 10.7 | 25.4 ± 3.3 | 74.2 ± 77.8 umol/L | ||||
| Yu 2016 [27] | Taiwan | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 53/1 | 46.0 ± 11.0 | 26.8 ± 3.7 | > 8 mg/dL | 12 w | ①③ |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 53/2 | 45.2 ± 12.0 | 27.8 ± 4.2 | > 8 mg/dL | ||||
| Zhang 2019 [28] | China | Febuxostat | Febuxostat 40 mg/day | 181/1 | 46.5 ± 11.9 | 26.1 ± 3.2 | 9.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL | 24 w | ①③ |
| Febuxostat 80 mg/day | 184/4 | 46.5 ± 11.1 | 25.7 ± 3.2 | 9.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL | |||||
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol 300 mg/day | 182/2 | 46.5 ± 11.1 | 26.0 ± 3.4 | 9.8 ± 1.4 mg/dL |
BMI, Body Mass Index; d, day; F, female; M, male; m, month; Na, not available; w, week; y, year. Allopurinol 200/300 mg/day, patient with normal renal function or mild renal impairment received 300 mg daily, and those with moderate renal impairment received 200 mg daily. ① Percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid levels 6.0 mg/dL or less; ② the incidence of gout; ③ incidence of serious adverse reactions; ④ incidence of adverse cardiovascular reactions