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. 2023 Dec 14;24:289. doi: 10.1186/s13059-023-03137-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Functional annotation of genes responsible for CG metabolism. A Schematic representation of the CG biosynthesis pathway, in which the key enzymes are highlighted in red. B Manhattan plot displaying the GWAS results for linamarin content. The lower panel shows the location of five CG biosynthesis genes and three HNLs in a 140-kb region. C HPLC chromatograms of the products of the reactions of UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, respectively, with UDP-glucose and acetone cyanohydrin. D Expression correlation of CG metabolism genes in SR of 22 cultivated cassava accessions. E Reduced transcript expression of UGT85K5 in UGT85K5-silenced cassava plants (CsCMV-UGT85K5) compared with the control (CsCMV-NC) in leaf. Bars indicate mean ± SD, n = 3. F Reduced levels of linamarin in UGT85K5-silenced cassava plants (CsCMV-UGT85K5) compared with the control (CsCMV-NC) in leaf. Bars indicate mean ± SD, n = 3. G–I Boxplot displaying the relative contents of linamarin based on the causative SNPs 12:35990792 (for CYP79D1), 12:35945868 (for CYP71E7b), and 12:35953769 (for UGT85K5), respectively. J The relative content of linamarin based on the allelic combination of causative SNPs 12:35990792 (for CYP79D1), 12:35945868 (for CYP71E7b), and 12:35953769 (for UGT85K5). Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 based on Duncan’s multiple range tests