Table 1:
Characteristics of MBMS and MESA participants.
| Variable | MBMS: Black NH | MBMS: white NH | MESA: Black NH | MESA: white NH | MESA: Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 224 | 69 | 229 | 555 | 191 | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age: mean (SD) | 49.02 (7.8) | 48.7 (8.3) | 71 (8.9) | 70.1 (9.5) | 68.5 (8.9) | |
| Gender: N (%) women | 135 (60.3%) | 49 (71%) | 133 (58.1%) | 264 (47.6%) | 86 (45%) | |
| BMI: mean (SD) | 32.1 (7.7) | 29.7 (7.2) | 30.6 (5.7) | 28.7 (5.3) | 30.8 (5.5) | |
| Smoking: N (%) | Current | 115 (51.3%) | 24 (34.8%) | 31 (13.7%) | 44 (8%) | 16 (8.6%) |
| Former | 31 (13.8%) | 23 (33.3%) | 101 (44.9%) | 262 (47.7%) | 80 (43%) | |
| Never | 78 (34.8%) | 22 (31.9%) | 93 (41.5%) | 243 (44.3%) | 90 (48.4%) | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.7%) | 6 (1.1%) | 5 (2.6%) | |
| Childhood exposure to racialized and economic adversity: | ||||||
| Born in a Jim Crow state1: N (%) yes | 71 (31.7%) | 2 (3%) | 165 (72.1%) | 166 (29.9%) | 19 (9.9%) | |
| Parent’s highest education: N (%) | <High school | 29 (18.4%) | 8 (14%) | 95 (42.2%) | 161 (29.3%) | 129 (69.7%) |
| >= High school and <4yr college | 94 (59.5%) | 24 (42.1%) | 106 (47.3%) | 258 (47%) | 51 (27.6%) | |
| 4+ years college | 35 (22.2%) | 25 (43.9%) | 24 (10.7%) | 130 (23.7%) | 5 (2.7%) | |
| Missing | 66 (29.5%) | 12 (17.4%) | 4 (1.7%) | 6 (1.1%) | 6 (3.1%) | |
| Participant’s education: N (%) | <High school | 34 (15.2%) | 8 (11.6%) | 23 (10%) | 21 (3.8%) | 35 (18.3%) |
| >= High school and <4yr college | 161 (71.9%) | 33 (47.8%) | 175 (76.4%) | 413 (74.4%) | 140 (73.3%) | |
| 4+ years college | 29 (12.9%) | 28 (40.6%) | 31 (13.5%) | 121 (21.8%) | 16 (8.4%) | |
| Missing: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Adult exposure to racialized and economic adversity: | ||||||
| Household income to poverty ratio2: mean (SD) | 2.2 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.3) | 3.9 (2.3) | 4.8 (2.9) | 3.3 (2.1) | |
| Missing | 34 (15.2%) | 3 (4.3%) | 9 (3.9%) | 24 (4.3%) | 7 (3.7%) | |
| Index of Concentration at the Extremes for racialized economic segregation3: mean(SD) | -0.07 (0.2) | 0.19 (0.2) | -0.11 (0.2) | 0.16 (0.2) | 0.09 (0.2) | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.9%) | 4 (0.7%) | 12 (6.3%) | |
| Black carbon (μg/m3): mean (SD) | 0.64 (0.1) | 0.63 (0.17) | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Light absorption coefficient (10−5/m): mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.35) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.4) | |||
| Missing | 14 (6.1%) | 23 (4.1%) | 11 (5.6%) | |||
| Pollution Proximity Index4 (scale of 0–5): mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.4) | ||||
| Missing | 5 (2.2%) | 0 | ||||
| Oxides of nitrogen (NOx, parts per billion): mean (SD) | 31.9 (16.2) | 21.55 (12.2) | 27 (16.4) | |||
| Missing | 14 (6.1%) | 23 (4.1%) | 11 (5.6%) | |||
| Experiences of Discrimination (EOD, N of domains)5: N (%) | 0 | 30 (13.4%) | 35 (50.7%) | |||
| 1–2 | 52 (23.2%) | 24 (34.8%) | ||||
| 3+ | 140 (62.5%) | 10 (14.5%) | ||||
| Missing | 2 (0.9%) | 0 | ||||
| Major Discrimination Scale (MDS, N of domains)6: N (%) | 0 | 129 (56.6%) | 534 (96.4%) | 131 (68.6%) | ||
| 1–2 | 79 (34.6%) | 20 (3.6%) | 53 (27.7%) | |||
| 3+ | 20 (8.8%) | 0 | 7 (3.7%) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | |||
| Predicted cell count proportions | ||||||
| B Cell | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.06(0.01) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | |
| CD4+T cells | 0.17 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.01) | |
| CD8+T cells | 0.005 (0.02) | 0.002 (0.01) | 0.002 (0.006) | 0.0007 (0.003) | 0.0006 (0.003) | |
| Monocytes | 0.124 (0.02) | 0.116 (0.02) | 0.9 (0.05) | 0.91 (0.04) | 0.92 (0.04) | |
| Neutrophils | 0.55 (0.1) | 0.62 (0.08) | 0.0003 (0.002) | 0.0008 (0.005) | 0.0009 (0.007) | |
| Natural Killer | 0.1 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.015 (0.01) | 0.012 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | |
| Eosinophils | 0.007 (0.02) | 0.003 (0.009) | 0.01(0.01) | 0.01(0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | |
Jim Crow states are the 21 US states (plus the District of Columbia) which permitted legal racial discrimination prior to the 1964 US Civil Rights Act.
Participants’ ratio of household income in 2010 dollars to the US 2010 poverty line given household composition.
Census tract measure of economic and racialized segregation, scored from −1 to 1
NOx measurements were used to construct a weighted score of roadway pollution
Validated self-report questionnaire measuring the number of domains of exposure to racial discrimination. Score range 0–9, categorised into 0, 1–2, 3
Validated self-report questionnaire measuring the number of domains of exposure to racial discrimination; combined with the attribution aspect from EDS (everyday discrimination scale) to enable comparability between EOD and MDS. Score range 0–5, categorised into 0, 1–2, 3+