Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients Stratified by the Different AF Types
| Parameters | Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation | P value | Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n=336 | Recurrence (+) n =114 | Recurrence (-) n =222 | Total n=302 | Recurrence (+) n =61 | Recurrence (-) n =241 | |||
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | 65.7±9.9 | 64.7±9.9 | 66.2±9.8 | 0.196 | 65.9±11.2 | 69.4±10.8 | 64.9±11.1 | 0.006 |
| Female sex | 166 (49.4) | 64 (56.1) | 102 (45.9) | 0.077 | 166 (55.0) | 45 (73.8) | 121 (50.2) | 0.001 |
| BMI | 25.1±3.2 | 25.6±3.6 | 24.8±3.0 | 0.051 | 24.5±3.2 | 24.0±2.9 | 24.6±3.3 | 0.160 |
| Current Smoking | 63 (18.8) | 16 (14.0) | 47 (21.2) | 0.113 | 38 (12.6) | 6 (9.8) | 32 (13.3) | 0.469 |
| Previous medical history | ||||||||
| AF duration | 12 (3, 60) | 36 (6, 84) | 12 (3, 36) | 0.001 | 12 (4, 48) | 24 (7, 48) | 12 (4, 48) | 0.439 |
| Hypertension | 181 (53.9) | 58 (50.9) | 123 (55.4) | 0.430 | 168 (55.6) | 36 (59.0) | 132 (54.8) | 0.551 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (21.1) | 23 (20.2) | 48 (21.6) | 0.759 | 63 (20.9) | 15 (24.6) | 48 (19.9) | 0.442 |
| CHD | 32 (9.5) | 7 (6.1) | 25 (11.3) | 0.130 | 39 (12.9) | 10 (16.4) | 29 (12.0) | 0.364 |
| CHF | 110 (32.7) | 39 (34.2) | 71 (32.0) | 0.680 | 22 (7.3) | 6 (9.8) | 16 (6.6) | 0.409 |
| Previous stroke | 20 (6.0) | 9 (7.9) | 11 (5.0) | 0.281 | 14 (4.6) | 6 (9.8) | 8 (3.3) | 0.042 |
| PAD | 13 (3.9) | 5 (4.4) | 8 (3.6) | 0.769 | 10 (3.3) | 6 (9.8) | 4 (1.7) | 0.006 |
| COPD | 15 (4.5) | 3 (2.6) | 12 (5.4) | 0.244 | 13 (4.3) | 3 (4.9) | 10 (4.1) | 0.730 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||
| SBP | 125±17 | 125±18 | 125±17 | 0.989 | 128±17 | 129±19 | 127±17 | 0.523 |
| HR | 78±18 | 77±15 | 79±19 | 0.490 | 75±20 | 83±26 | 74±17 | 0.042 |
| FBG | 5.5±1.3 | 5.6±1.5 | 5.5±1.1 | 0.771 | 5.5±1.4 | 5.5±1.2 | 5.5±1.4 | 0.852 |
| Homocysteine | 14.9±8.9 | 14.5±6.9 | 15.0±9.8 | 0.627 | 12.6±4.7 | 12.1±3.8 | 12.7±4.9 | 0.407 |
| BNP | 192 (102, 349) | 176 (94, 339) | 203 (108, 367) | 0.575 | 71 (39, 170) | 119 (68, 238) | 64 (34, 167) | 0.004 |
| eGFR | 84.0±19.0 | 80.5±20.0 | 85.8±18.2 | 0.015 | 85.9±20.4 | 77.9±20.2 | 87.9±20.0 | 0.001 |
| Alb | 39.7±4.2 | 39.8±3.8 | 39.6±4.4 | 0.816 | 40.1±3.7 | 39.8±3.6 | 40.2±3.7 | 0.523 |
| BUA, umol/L | 382±105 | 375±99 | 386±109 | 0.357 | 352±97 | 354±109 | 352±95 | 0.871 |
| Cholesterol | 4.13±1.05 | 4.08±0.91 | 4.15±1.12 | 0.597 | 4.24±1.05 | 4.12±1.01 | 4.27±1.06 | 0.339 |
| Triglyceride | 1.39±0.75 | 1.43±0.67 | 1.37±0.79 | 0.518 | 1.53±1.08 | 1.60±1.18 | 1.52±1.06 | 0.634 |
| Platelet | 153±57 | 157±49 | 151±60 | 0.366 | 165±52 | 170±56 | 164±51 | 0.458 |
| Lymphocyte | 1.66±0.64 | 1.51±0.64 | 1.73±0.63 | 0.002 | 1.74±0.55 | 1.67±0.62 | 1.76±0.53 | 0.249 |
| Imaging | ||||||||
| LAD | 44.4±4.8 | 45.7±4.4 | 43.6±4.9 | <0.001 | 40.0±4.5 | 41.0±5.1 | 38.4±4.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEDd | 46.8±5.5 | 46.1±4.9 | 47.1±5.7 | 0.114 | 45.1±3.9 | 44.6±3.2 | 45.2±4.1 | 0.394 |
| LVEF | 57.4±6.9 | 57.6±5.9 | 57.2±7.4 | 0.643 | 60.7±3.8 | 60.9±3.2 | 60.7±3.9 | 0.684 |
| Discharge medicine | ||||||||
| Anticoagulant drugs | 322 (95.8) | 110 (96.5) | 212 (95.5) | 0.779 | 302 (100.0) | 61 (100.0) | 241 (100.0) | 1.000 |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 295 (87.8) | 98 (86.0) | 197 (88.7) | 0.462 | 260 (86.1) | 46 (75.4) | 214 (88.8) | 0.007 |
| Complications | 38 (11.3) | 15 (13.2) | 23 (10.4) | 0.443 | 15 (5.0) | 3 (4.9) | 12 (5.0) | 1.000 |
| PLR | 104±49 | 120±56 | 95±43 | <0.001 | 104±55 | 120±93 | 100±39 | 0.109 |
| CHA2DS2‑VASc score | 2.51±1.52 | 2.54±1.61 | 2.50±1.47 | 0.802 | 2.37±1.59 | 3.10±1.81 | 2.18±1.48 | <0.001 |
| APPLE score | 2.31±0.84 | 2.38±0.90 | 2.27±0.81 | 0.809 | 0.82±0.77 | 1.36±0.88 | 0.69±0.68 | <0.001 |
Note: Data are presented as the mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%).
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; PAD, peripheral artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; FBG, fasting blood-glucose; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUA, blood uric acid; Alb, albumin; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVED, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PLR, platelet to lymphocyte rateo.