Table 1. Plumage color in island birds is affected by island residency, diet, and geography.

Sex	Variable	Fixed effect	df	F	P
Female	Red chromaticity	Land classification	1	57.21	<0.0001
		Habitat	3	22.40	<0.0001
		Diet	2	5.69	0.003
		Latitude	1	65.39	<0.0001
		Geographic region	6	15.54	<0.0001
		Land x Latitude	3	5.51	0.001
		Land x diet	2	10.60	<0.0001
		Habitat x diet	6	4.55	<0.0001
	Blue chromaticity	Land classification	1	23.72	<0.0001
		Habitat	3	20.09	<0.0001
		Diet	2	3.00	0.05
		Latitude	1	75.58	<0.0001
		Geographic region	6	7.31	<0.0001
		Land x Latitude	1	2.54	0.11
		Land x diet	2	17.93	<0.0001
		Habitat x diet	6	3.72	<0.0001
Male	Red chromaticity	Land classification	1	0.05	0.82
		Habitat	3	1.17	0.32
		Diet	2	22.46	<0.0001
		Latitude	1	15.81	<0.0001
		Geographic region	6	11.28	<0.0001
		Land x Latitude	1	2.17	0.14
		Land x diet	2	25.06	<0.0001
		Habitat x diet	6	2.61	0.02
	Blue chromaticity	Land classification	1	2.21	0.14
		Habitat	3	1.96	0.12
		Diet	2	30.09	<0.0001
		Latitude	1	14.01	<0.0001
		Geographic region	6	7.55	<0.0001
		Land x diet	2	21.13	<0.0001
		Habitat x diet	6	2.72	0.01

AIC selected model results demonstrating the effect of each fixed effect and interactions on female and male Passeriformes plumage coloration. Significant results are indicated in bold text.