Table 2.
Treatment and outcome
| Parameter | Value | Clone Detection |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment | ||
| Glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide | 19 | Clonal plasma cells in bone marrow in three patients |
| Bortezomib-based chemotherapy | 15 | Clonal plasma cells in bone marrow and monoclonal IgG in serum in four patients; monoclonal IgG in serum and urine in one patient |
| Rituximab | 3 | Clonal B cells in bone marrow and monoclonal IgM in one patient; clonal plasma cells in bone marrow in one patient |
| Glucocorticoid alone | 1 | None |
| Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors alone | 3 | None |
| Other | ||
| Antiviral therapy to chronic viral hepatitis B | 3 | None |
| Lymphadenectomy | 1 | None |
| Termination of a pregnancy | 1 | None |
| Outcomea | ||
| Complete remission | 10 | — |
| Partial remission | 5 | — |
| Persistent kidney dysfunction | 9 | — |
| Kidney failure | 22 | — |
| Deathb | 2 |
a
Complete remission was defined as remission of proteinuria to <500 mg/d with normal kidney function; partial remission was defined as a reduction in proteinuria by at least 50% and to <2 g/d with stable kidney function (no more than a 20% increase in serum creatinine compared with the baseline); persistent kidney dysfunction was defined as failure to meet the criteria for either complete remission or partial remission but without kidney failure and included patients with unremitting proteinuria or progressive CKD; kidney failure was defined as eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or requiring KRT.
b
No patients died before receiving KRT.