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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2023 Apr 19;94(1):146–159. doi: 10.1002/ana.26649

TABLE 2.

Study Subjects’ Comorbidities in Post-hospitalization and Non-hospitalized Neuro-PASC Patients

Overall Post-hospitalization
Neuro-PASC (PNP)
Non-hospitalized
Neuro-PASC (NNP)
p-Value
n 600 100 500
Any pre-existing comorbidity n (%)
 Depression/anxiety 209 (34.8) 9 (9) 200 (40) <0.0001
 Hypertension 116 (19.3) 39 (39) 77 (15.4) <0.0001
 Dyslipidemia 86 (14.3) 22 (22) 64 (12.8) 0.03
 Autoimmune diseasea 70 (11.6) 14 (14) 56 (11.2) 0.4
 Headache 46 (7.7) 4 (4) 42 (8.4) 0.15
 Type 2 Diabetes 42 (7) 21 (21) 21 (4.2) <0.0001
 Cancer 41 (6.8) 11 (11) 30 (6) 0.08
 Other Endocrine disordersb 40 (6.6) 9 (9) 31 (6.2) 0.28
 Insomnia 38 (6.3) 2 (2) 36 (7.2) 0.07
 Lung Diseasec 37 (6.2) 16 (16) 21 (4.2) <0.0001
 Gastrointestinal diseased 29 (4.8) 1 (1) 28 (5.6) 0.07
 Neuropsychiatric diseasee 24 (4) 5 (5) 19 (3.8) 0.58
 Cardiovascular diseasef 21 (3.5) 10 (10) 11 (2.2) 0.0008
 Traumatic brain injury 19 (3.2) 4 (4) 15 (3) 0.54
 Peripheral vascular disease 12 (2) 5 (5) 7 (1.4) 0.03
 Dysautonomia 8 (1.3) 2 (2) 6 (1.2) 0.63
 Chronic kidney disease 7 (1.2) 2 (2) 5 (1.0) 0.33
 Cerebrovascular disease 6 (1) 4 (4) 2 (0.4) 0.008
 Neuromuscular diseaseg 6 (1) 4 (4) 0 (0) 0.005
 Organ transplant 1 (0.1) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0.17
 Otherh 70 (11.6) 17 (17) 53 (10.6) 0.09
a

PNP: Hashimoto thyroiditis (5), rheumatoid arthritis (3), Multiple Sclerosis (2), connective tissue disease (2), systemic lupus erythematosus (2), diabetes type 1 (1), Bechet’s (1), ulcerative colitis (1), giant cell arteritis (1), psoriatic arthritis (1). NNP: Hashimoto thyroiditis (15), rheumatoid arthritis (11), Sjogren (4), Crohn’s disease (3), eczema (3) multiple sclerosis (2), systemic lupus erythematosus (2), celiac disease (3), psoriasis (2), Graves’ disease (2), ulcerative colitis (1), sarcoidosis (1), Henoch Schonlein purpura (1), diffuse scleroderma (1), multifocal motor neuropathy (1), eosinophilic esophagitis (1), Raynaud’s (1).

b

PNP: Hypothyroidism (6), adrenal insufficiency (2), PCOS (1). NNP: Hypothyroidism (18), PCOS (7), osteoporosis (3), thyroid cysts (1), primary hyperparathyroidism (1), adrenal insufficiency (1).

c

PNP: COPD/emphysema (4), interstitial lung disease (6), asthma (4), obstructive sleep apnea (2). NNP: Interstitial lung disease (20), asthma (19), obstructive sleep apnea (4), COPD/emphysema (1).

d

PNP: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (1). NNP: GERD (18), inflammatory bowel disease (6), polycystic liver disease (1), fatty liver (1), duodenal atresia (1), colitis (1).

e

PNP: Prior alcohol use disorder (2), fibromyalgia (1), HSV meningoencephalitis (1), congenital hydrocephalus (1). NNP: Fibromyalgia (6), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (2), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2), essential tremor (1), tinnitus (1), Tourette’s syndrome (1), narcolepsy (1), bipolar disease (1), spinal stenosis (1), neurogenic bladder (1), autonomic dysreflexia (1), Chiari malformation type 1 (1).

f

PNP: Congestive heart failure (5), coronary artery disease (4), atrial fibrillation (1), cardiomyopathy (1). NNP: coronary artery disease (6), arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation (2), atrial fibrillation (1), mitral valve prolapse (1), myocarditis (1).

g

PNP: Muscular dystrophy (1), cervical compression (1), lumbar spinal stenosis (1). NNP: None.

h

PNP: Cigarette smoking (14), essential thrombocytopenia (1), MGUS (1), myelodysplastic syndrome (1). NNP: Osteoarthritis (7), seasonal allergies (7), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (5), anemia (5), syphilis (3), gout (3), osteopenia (3), endometriosis (2), thrombocytopenia (2), glaucoma (2), Ehlers Danlos (1), infertility (1), urticaria (1), deep venous thrombosis (1), sinusitis (1), thrombocytopenia (1), nephrolithiasis (1), costochondritis (1), pernicious anemia (1), infectious mononucleosis (1), shingles (1), erectile dysfunction (1), protein S deficiency (1), sickle cell trait (1).