TABLE 4.
Diagnostic Testing in Post-hospitalization and Non-hospitalized Neuro PASC Patients
| Overall | Post-hospitalization Neuro PASC (PNP) |
Non-hospitalized N euro PASC (NNP) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n abnormal/n tested (%) | ||||
| Brain CTa | 16/74 (21.6) | 7/21 (33.3) | 9/53 (17.0) | 0.21 |
| Brain MRIb | 78/181 (43.1) | 15/34 (44.1) | 63/147 (42.9) | 1 |
| MR vessel wall imagingc | 2/14 (14.3) | 2/5 (40.0) | 0/9 (0) | 0.11 |
| Spine MRId | 38/51 (74.5) | 6/8 (75.0) | 32/43 (74.4) | 1 |
| EMGe | 10/23 (43.5) | 5/6 (83.3) | 5/17 (29.4) | 0.05 |
| EEGf | 6/13 (46.2) | 1/3 (33.3) | 5/10 (50.0) | 1 |
| CSF analysisg | 1/9 (11.1) | 0/1 (0) | 1/8 (12.5) | 1 |
| Tilt table testh | 2/3 (66.7) | 0 (0) | 2/3 (66.7) | 1 |
| ANA ≥ 1:160 | 12/135 (8.9) | 2/23 (8.7) | 10/112 (8.9) | 1 |
| ESR | 81/218 (37.2) | 35/51 (68.6) | 46/167 (27.5) | <0.0001 |
| CRP | 93/247 (37.7) | 64/78 (82.1) | 29/169 (17.2) | <0.0001 |
| D-dimer | 67/197 (34.0) | 49/74 (66.2) | 18/123 (14.6) | <0.0001 |
| Ferritin | 68/170 (40.0) | 54/77 (70.1) | 14/93 (15.1) | <0.0001 |
PNP: Nonspecific white matter disease (4), age indeterminate lacunar infarct (1), diffuse atrophy after cardiac arrest (1). NNP: Nonspecific white matter disease (1), Mild irregularities of intracranial vessels on CTA angiogram (2), multifocal irregularity of vertebral arteries suggestive of fibromuscular dysplasia (2), incidental macular calcifications along the globes (1), remote right cerebellar stroke (1).
PNP: Nonspecific white matter disease (10), volume loss in frontoparietal cortical regions and caudate nuclei (1), mild atrophy, generalized (1) and localized in frontal and temporal lobes (1), multiple areas of restricted diffusion involving the right MCA territory and right frontal and parietal lobes, compatible with multifocal acute infarcts, possibly due to embolic phenomena (1), residual temporal lobe cystic encephalomalacia (1), optic nerve, chiasm and tracts diffusely decreased in caliber with T2 hyperintense signal in left optic nerve (1), temporal lobe T2 hyperintensities (1), mild to moderate narrowing of superior sagittal sinus, chronic nonocclusive thrombus not excluded. NNP: Nonspecific white matter disease (19), arachnoid cyst (4), chronic demyelinating plaque in brainstem (3), developmental venous anomaly (3), chronic demyelinating plaques in optic tracts (3), chronic cavitary lesion in corpus callosum, chronic focal leptomeningeal enhancement in occipital lobe (1), T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in olfactory bulbs (2), meningioma (2), small outpouching intracranial aneurysms (2), 2 mm cyst in right auditory canal (1), baseline ocular cavernous hemangioma (1), partial occlusion of superior sagittal sinus (1), Schwannoma (1).
PNP: Minimal vessel wall enhancement right internal carotid artery (1), small outpouching small aneurysm (1). NNP: None.
PNP: Degenerative changes of the spine (6). NNP: Multifocal short segment myelitis (1), degenerative changes of the spine (31).
PNP: Ulnar mononeuropathy (2), polyneuropathy (1), C8-T1 radiculopathy (1), critical illness neuropathy (1). NNP: Mononeuropathy at the wrist (2), sensory polyneuropathy (1), axonal polyneuropathy (1), L5-S1radiculopathy (1).
PNP: Bilateral temporal dysfunction and mild encephalopathy (1). NNP: Nonspecific generalized slowing (2), alpha-delta sleep (1), intermittent, brief spike wave discharges in frontal region, left greater than right (1), TRDA pattern (1).
PNP: No abnormal findings. NNP: Elevated proteins in 1 patient.
PNP: No tilt test was done. NNP: Results suggestive of POTS (2).