Fig. 2.

Design consideration for the implantable electronics. Biological constraints: biocompatibility, dimensional constraints, implantation procedure, and SAR limits. a Tissue response and immunohistochemical analysis for implants with different functional groups. Reproduced with permission [57].

Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. b Image of DAPI-stained human cells cultivated on electropolished/blue oxide nitinol. Reproduced with creative commons license [58]. c Neural dust module implanted in a rat nerve. Reproduced with permission [2]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. d Combined MRI and CT scan of a mouse after implantation of a small photometry device. Reproduced with creative commons license [3]. e Structure and S11 parameter of a miniaturized dual-band antenna. Reproduced with permission [59]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. f Extra-arterial implantable device and its implantation procedure. Reproduced with permission [5]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. g Implantable pressure sensors designed to fit into an inductive stent. Reproduced with creative commons license [4]. h Sensor for monitoring IOP integrated into a contact lens. Reproduced with creative commons license [60]. i Safety test in a piece of pork and SAR simulation of implantable device. Reproduced with creative commons license [61]