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. 2023 Dec 15;14:8357. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43740-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Species tree constructed using IQ-TREE based on CDS of 300 one-to-one orthologues from 37 studied species was shown in Supplementary Fig. 13. Triplophysa bleekeri was used as the outgroup. Divergence time between all fishes or subgenomes of five allotetraploids was inferred by MCMCTree (Supplementary Fig. 12). All the fish images were created in this study. Black, blue and yellow solid circles represent the divergence timepoints of the diploid progenitor lineages for the three independent cyprinid-specific whole genome duplication (Cs4R). However, they do not represent the timepoints of the three WGDs. The numbers in parentheses represent the time of WGD. Fishes belonging to the corresponding subfamilies of the Cyprinidae family were shown using unique background color.