Table 2.
Multivariable Cox analyses of overall survival and disease-specific survival of patients diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma between 2004 and 2020.
| Characteristics | OS |
DSS |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 % CI) | p | HR (95 % CI) | p | |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| 40-59 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 60-79 | 3.11 (2.53–3.82) | < 0.001 | 2.04 (1.49–2.8) | < 0.001 |
| 80+ | 8.2 (6.6–10.19) | < 0.001 | 4.48 (3.2–6.28) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.18 (1.07–1.3) | 0.001 | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | 0.11 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 1.14 (0.9–1.45) | 0.26 | 1.23 (0.86–1.77) | 0.26 |
| AI/AN | 2.09 (1.18–3.72) | 0.01 | 1.48 (0.47–4.63) | 0.5 |
| API | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 0.61 | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 0.68 |
| Unknown | 0.47 (0.07–3.31) | 0.44 | 0 (0-NA) | 0.99 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 2004–2009 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2010–2014 | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.41 | 1.06 (0.87–1.3) | 0.54 |
| 2015–2020 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.29 | 1.04 (0.81–1.32) | 0.77 |
| Rural/urban status | ||||
| Rural | Reference | Reference | ||
| Urban | 1 (0.86–1.16) | 0.99 | 1.19 (0.91–1.55) | 0.2 |
| Unknown | 1.69 (0.22–13.15) | 0.62 | 0 (0-Inf) | 0.99 |
| Median house-hold income | ||||
| High | Reference | Reference | ||
| Low | 1.5 (0.85–2.65) | 0.17 | 2.98 (1.34–6.64) | 0.01 |
| Median | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1–1.44) | 0.047 |
| Anatomic sites | ||||
| Renal pelvis | Reference | Reference | ||
| Ureter | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.71 | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.43 |
| AJCC T stage | ||||
| Ta | Reference | Reference | ||
| Tis | 1.17 (0.96–1.43) | 0.12 | 1.36 (0.95–1.96) | 0.1 |
| T1 | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 0.001 | 1.58 (1.32–1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| 0–1.0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1.1–2.0 | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) | 0.02 | 1.46 (1.01–2.11) | 0.05 |
| 2.1–3.0 | 1.31 (1.08–1.6) | 0.007 | 1.64 (1.13–2.36) | 0.01 |
| 3.1–4.0 | 1.39 (1.13–1.7) | 0.001 | 1.83 (1.26–2.66) | 0.001 |
| 4.1–5.0 | 1.46 (1.17–1.81) | < 0.001 | 2.22 (1.5–3.29) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor grade | ||||
| High grade | Reference | Reference | ||
| Low grade | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 0.09 | 0.7 (0.58–0.85) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.38 | 0.9 (0.7–1.15) | 0.4 |
| Surgery | ||||
| Radical nephroureterectomy | Reference | Reference | ||
| Endoscopic excision | 1.63 (1.37–1.94) | < 0.001 | 2.23 (1.67–2.97) | < 0.001 |
| None | 3.79 (3.14–4.58) | < 0.001 | 6.03 (4.59–7.91) | < 0.001 |
OS=Overall survival; DSS = Disease-specific survival; CI= Confidence interval; AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; API = Asian or Pacific Islander.