TABLE 1.
Summarizes various extraction methods of goji berry active ingredients.
| Types of ingredients | Extraction methods | Solvent | Contents (mg/g) or yields (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LBPs | Heating | Water | 7.46%–7.63% | Li et al. (2007); Luo et al. (2000); Yang et al. (2015) |
| Subcritical medium | Water | 10.67 ± 0.33% | Yang et al. (2015) | |
| Ultrasound‐assisted | Water | 2.286%–5.701% | Muatasim et al. (2018); Skenderidis et al. (2018) | |
| Enzyme‐assisted | Water | 6.81 ± 0.10% | Liu et al. (2013) | |
| Ultrasound‐enhanced subcritical | Water | 2.286%‐5.957% | Zhao et al. (2013) | |
| Fat‐soluble substances | Supercritical medium | CO2 | 8.55% | Mi et al. (2021) |
| Total carotenoids | 37.64 mg/g | |||
| ZDP | 29.54 mg/g | |||
| Total flavonoids | Mix‐mode macroporous adsorption resins (MAR) | – | 36.88% of p‐FLA | Liu, Meng, et al., (2020) |
| High‐speed shear dispersing emulsifier | Deep eutectic solvents | 7.11 mg/g | Wang et al., 2022) | |
| Spermine alkaloids | Ultrasound assisted | Methanol | 16.67% of 5 g sample | Ahad et al. (2020) |
| GCP | Solvation and ultra‐filtration | PBS (0.5 M) | – | Ji et al. (2021) |
| AA‐2βG | Ultrasound‐assisted | Oxalic acid/water | 22% in rhizomes, 14% in stems, 14% in leaves (dry weight) | Bubloz et al. (2020) |