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. 2023 Dec 1;7:e44705. doi: 10.2196/44705

Table 2.

Demographics of participants in the United States—composition of the conventional modality survey (CMS) and app-based survey samples (comprising respondents from unknown locales across the United States) compared with the composition of the US 2020 census.


CMS survey sample (total n=2464), n (%) App-based survey sample (total n=10,244), n (%) Benchmark survey (US 2020 census; %a)
Age (years)

18-19 128 (5.19) 1036 (10.11) 7

20-24 340 (13.8) 3395 (33.14)b 17

25-29 378 (15.34) 2526 (24.66)b 18

30-34 492 (19.97) 1794 (17.51) 19

35-45 1126 (45.7)b 1493 (14.57)c 39

Median (1st quartile-3rd quartile) 33.0 (27-39) 26.0 (22-31) d
Educational level

No formal education or only primary education 175 (7.1) 38 (0.37)c 9

Secondary (high school) or equivalent 702 (28.49) 2848 (27.8) 26.5

Tertiary (at least some postsecondary education) 1587 (64.41) 7340 (71.65)b 63

No answer 0 (0) 18 (0.18) 1.5
Locale

Rural 409 (16.6) 1243 (12.13) 14

Suburban 1195 (48.5)c 4523 (44.15)c 55

Urban 860 (34.9) 4464 (43.58)b 31

No answer 0 (0) 14 (0.14) 0
Relationship status

Never married 1004 (40.75)b 6189 (60.42) 62 at the age of 26 years; 30 at the age of 33 years

Married or engaged 1202 (48.78)c 3621 (35.35)

Divorced or separated 258 (10.47)c 421 (4.11)

No answer 0 (0) 13 (0.13)

aPercentage of those aged 18-45 years for all demographics except education level, which is percentage of those aged ≥25 years.

bOverrepresentation compared with benchmark.

cUnderrepresentation compared with benchmark.

dNot available.