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. 2023 Dec 1;7:e44705. doi: 10.2196/44705

Table 5.

South Africa participant demographics—composition of the aggregated conventional modality survey (CMS) sample and the app-based sample (respondents from unknown locales across South Africa) compared with the 2016 national Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).


Aggregated CMS sample (total n=2523), n (%) App-based sample (total n=879), n (%) South Africa DHS 2016 (table 3.1), % of sample (weighted %)a
Age (years)

18-19 75 (3) 209 (23.8)b 3.4 (4.3)

20-24 559 (22.2) 303 (34.5)b 16.6 (21.2)

25-29 687 (27.2)b 179 (20.4) 17 (21.7)

30-34 566 (22.4) 110 (12.5)c 15.7 (20)

35-45 636 (25.2)c 78 (8.9)c 25.7 (32.8)

Median (1st quartile-3rd quartile) 29.0 (24-35) 23.0 (20-28) d
Educational level

No formal education 39 (1.5) 0 (0)c 2

Primary education 67 (2.7)c 9 (1)c 9.1

Secondary (high school) 2184 (86.6)b 340 (38.7)c 77.1

Tertiary (college or above) 233 (9.2) 527 (60)b 11.8

No answer 0 (0) 3 (0.3) 0
Locale

Rural 1081 (42.8)b 54 (6.1)c 32.7 (“not urban”)

Suburban 0 (0) 453 (51.5)b Not included

Urban 1442 (57.2)c 369 (42)c 67.3

No answer 0 (0) 3 (0.3)
Relationship status

Never married 1648 (65.3)b 662 (75.3)b 58.5

“Living together” Not included Not included 12.5

Married or engaged 779 (30.9)b 192 (21.8) 23.3

Divorced or separated or widowed 96 (3.8) 20 (2.3) 5.6

No answer 0 (0) 5 (0.6)
Population group

Black African 2301 (91.2) 254 (28.9)c 86.8

Colored 128 (5.1) 97 (11) 8.6

Indian or Asian 38 (1.5) 47 (5.3) 1.5

White 51 (2) 484 (55.1)b 3.1

Other or no answer 6 (0.2) 34 (3.9) 0.1

aPercentage of those aged 15-49 years (weighted to match this study's age categories).

bOverrepresentation compared with benchmark.

cUnderrepresentation compared with benchmark.

dNot available.