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. 2023 Dec 15;24:79. doi: 10.1186/s12863-023-01180-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis supports causal associations for blood metabolites on hypertension and vice versa. (A) Comparison of bidirectional two-sample MR -log₁₀ (p-values) for the 707 metabolites that could be investigated in both directions, where the x-axis indicates the p-value for a causal effect of blood metabolites on DBP and the y-axis indicates the p-value for a causal effect of DBP on blood metabolites. (B) Comparison of bidirectional two-sample MR -log₁₀ (p-values) for the 703 metabolites that could be investigated in both directions, where the x-axis indicates the p-value for a causal effect of blood metabolites on SBP and the y-axis indicates the p-value for a causal effect of SBP on blood metabolites. Significant metabolites as indicated in the legend, while the dashed lines indicate significant threshold after Bonferroni correction