Table 1.
Clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 142) |
Internal validation cohort (n = 94) |
External Validation cohort (n = 84) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 72 (50.7%) | 38 (40.4%) | 42 (50.0%) | |
| Male | 70 (49.3%) | 56 (59.6%) | 42 (50.0%) | 0.26 |
| Age (Years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 52.8 (12.4) | 50.8 (12.5) | 52.4 (12.2) | |
| Median [MIN, MAX] | 53.5 [20,77] | 52.5 [23,76] | 55 [21,79] | |
| Lymph node metastasis | ||||
| Yes | 67 (47.2%) | 46 (48.9%) | 27 (32.1%) | |
| No | 75 (52.8%) | 48 (51.1%) | 57 (67.9%) | 0.04a |
| WHO classification | ||||
| G1 | 46 (32.4%) | 27 (28.7%) | 29 (34.5%) | |
| G2 | 84 (59.2%) | 58 (61.7%) | 43 (51.2%) | |
| G3 | 12 (8.5%) | 9 (9.6%) | 12 (14.3%) | 0.52 |
| Liver metastasis | ||||
| Yes | 39 (27.5%) | 19 (20.2%) | 16 (19.0%) | |
| No | 103 (72.5%) | 75 (79.8%) | 68 (81.0%) | 0.25 |
| Vascular invasion | ||||
| Yes | 55 (38.7%) | 35 (37.2%) | 25 (29.8%) | |
| No | 87 (61.3%) | 59 (62.8%) | 59 (70.2%) | 0.38 |
| Perineural invasion | ||||
| Yes | 54 (38.0%) | 32 (34.0%) | 23 (27.4%) | |
| No | 88 (62.0%) | 62 (66.0%) | 61 (72.6%) | 0.26 |
| Recurrence | ||||
| Yes | 46 (32.4%) | 24 (25.5%) | 27 (32.1%) | |
| No | 96 (67.6%) | 70 (74.5%) | 57 (67.9%) | 0.49 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| >2 cm | 95 (66.9%) | 61 (64.9%) | 47 (56.0%) | |
| ≤2 cm | 47 (33.1%) | 33 (35.1%) | 37 (44.0%) | 0.24 |
a
Significant.