Table 3.
Clinical performance of 64mT T2w and T1w imaging in unblinded comparison with abnormalities identified on 3T reference imaging.
| Pathology identified | T2w paired imaging Infants n = 34 |
T1w paired imaging Infants n = 30 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 64mT | 3T | 64mT/3T congruence (%) | 64mT | 3T | 64mT/3T congruence (%) | |
| Acquired abnormalities (Including acute and/or chronic injuries) | ||||||
| Cortical infarction | 6 | 6 | 100 | 4 | 4 | 100 |
| White matter infarction | 6 | 6 | 100 | 4 | 4 | 100 |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage | 9 | 10 | 90 | 5 | 6 | 83 |
| White matter cysts | 3 | 5 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| BGT cysts | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Generalised high T2 signal in white matter (Very/Extremely preterm infant) | 2 | 2 | 100 | NA | ||
| Generalised high T2 signal in white matter (Preterm infant at TEA) | 2 | 2 | 100 | NA | ||
| Abnormal low T2/high T1 signal in BGT (Consistent with clinical context of HIE) | 2 | 2 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Abnormal high T2/Low T1 signal in white matter (Consistent with clinical context of HIE) | 2 | 2 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Cortical T1 highlighting | NA | 1 | 1 | 100 | ||
| Increase T1 signal in dentate nucleus | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Extra-cerebral haemorrhage | 1 | 1 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Subdural haemorrhage | 4 | 7 | 57 | 8 | 9 | 89 |
| Punctate white matter lesions | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| White matter haemorrhagic foci | 1 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Cerebellar microhaemorrhages | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Patchy high T2/low T1 white matter | 2 | 2 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Sub-ependymal cysts | 3 | 3 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Linear T1 abnormalities in thalamus (Possibly relating to a past vasculitic process) | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Ventricular dilatation, prominence or asymmetry (Could be acquired or developmental) | 12 | 12 | 100 | 7 | 8 | 88 |
| Abnormalities in development or disrupted fetal development | ||||||
| Hypoplastic cerebellar vermis | 3 | 3 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Hypoplastic cerebellar hemisphere | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Dysplastic cerebellar foliation | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoplasia of brainstem structures | 3 | 3 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Increased extra-axial space/Widened interhemispheric fissure | 7 | 7 | 100 | 6 | 6 | 100 |
| Colpocephaly | 2 | 2 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Enlarged cisterna magna | 2 | 2 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Polymicrogyria | 3 | 3 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Agenesis of corpus callosum | 2 | 2 | 100 | 2 | 2 | 100 |
| Abnormal hippocampal formations | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal white matter striations | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
Optimised T2 weighted imaging (generation 5–7) and optimised T1 weighted imaging (Generations 2, 3 and multi-inversion generation 4) only.
BGT: basal ganglia & thalamus; TEA: term equivalent age; HIE: hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy; NA: not applicable.