Table 5.
Sensitivity Analysis Testing the Robustness of the Results for Total Health Care Resource Use Cost
| Parameter | Unadjusted Model a | Adjusted Model a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (Standard Error) | 95% CI | P Value | Coefficient (Standard Error) | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Intercept | — | — | — | 3.51 (0.20) | 3.11; 3.91 | <0.001 |
| Age | −0.004 (0.003) | −0.01; 0.003 | 0.26 | — | — | — |
| Gender (ref = female) | ||||||
| Male | 0.14 (0.06) | 0.01; 0.27 | 0.032 | 0.07 (0.07) | −0.08; 0.21 | 0.37 |
| Ethnicity (ref = others, i.e., Kami/Damai/Sarki/Gaaine/Baadi/Shah/Tharu/Jha) | ||||||
| Bramin | −0.11 (0.13) | −0.35; 0.16 | 0.40 | −0.19 (0.12) | −0.42; 0.05 | 0.121 |
| Newar | −0.21 (0.14) | −0.48; 0.08 | 0.14 | −0.26 (0.14) | −0.54; 0.03 | 0.067 |
| Janajati | −0.07 (0.13) | −0.32; 0.20 | 0.59 | −0.16 (0.12) | −0.40; 0.08 | 0.185 |
| Chhetri | −0.21 (0.15) | −0.50; 0.09 | 0.158 | −0.20 (0.13) | −0.45; 0.08 | 0.142 |
| Marital status (ref = others including unmarried, widowed) | ||||||
| Married | 0.29 (0.09) | 0.12; 0.47 | <0.001 | 0.13 (0.10) | −0.07; 0.32 | 0.187 |
| Education status (ref = Informal) | ||||||
| No education | −0.29 (0.11) | −0.48; -0.07 | 0.008 | −0.25 (0.13) | −0.49; 0.001 | 0.044 |
| Basic (primary and lower secondary) | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.31; 0.09 | 0.21 | −0.20 (0.12) | −0.42; 0.05 | 0.093 |
| Intermediate (upper secondary and postsecondary nontertiary) | 0.03 (0.15) | −0.24; 0.32 | 0.82 | −0.01 (0.16) | −0.31; 0.32 | 0.97 |
| Tertiary (university level) | −0.05 (0.20) | −0.43; 0.33 | 0.80 | −0.15 (0.21) | −0.56; 0.25 | 0.46 |
| Employment status (ref = others, i.e., driver/labor (trained/untrained)/retired/household chores) | ||||||
| Agriculture/animal husbandry | 0.10 (0.09) | −0.07; 0.29 | 0.25 | — | — | — |
| Housewife | 0.01 (0.10) | −0.19; 0.21 | 0.96 | — | — | — |
| Business | 0.11 (0.11) | −0.11; 0.32 | 0.32 | — | — | — |
| Services | 0.19 (0.17) | −0.15; 0.52 | 0.27 | — | — | — |
| Religion (ref = Christian) | ||||||
| Hindu | 0.02 (0.20) | −0.32; 0.46 | 0.93 | — | — | — |
| Buddhist | −0.25 (0.22) | −0.64; 0.22 | 0.22 | — | — | — |
| Residency (ref = urban living) | −0.22 (0.07) | −0.36; −0.09 | 0.001 | −0.16 (0.07) | −0.30; −0.02 | 0.027 |
| Comorbidity (ref = no comorbid patients) | -0.01 (0.07) | −0.14; 0.13 | 0.94 | — | — | — |
| Year of living with T2DM (ref = above 1 year) | −0.09 (0.13) | −0.33; 0.16 | 0.48 | — | — | — |
| Insurance (ref = yes) | −0.32 (0.07) | −0.45; −0.19 | <0.001 | −0.27 (0.06) | −0.39; −0.14 | <0.001 |
| Monthly family income quintile (US $), n (%) (ref = richest quintile) | ||||||
| Poorest (≤84.65) | −0.26 (0.11) | −0.47; -0.06 | 0.016 | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.32; 0.06 | 0.181 |
| Second quintile (84.66–126.98) | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.26; 0.10 | 0.37 | 0.01 (0.09) | −0.15; 0.18 | 0.90 |
| Third quintile (126.99–228.56) | 0.02 (0.12) | −0.22; 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.11 (0.12) | −0.12; 0.33 | 0.38 |
| Fourth quintile (228.57–423.26) | 0.04 (0.09) | −0.14; 0.22 | 0.67 | 0.05 (0.09) | −0.11; 0.23 | 0.55 |
—, not applicable; CI, confidence interval; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
a
Ten thousand bootstraps resampling. The P value was obtained from the generalized linear model; covariants with P≤0.20 in the unadjusted model were added in the adjusted model.