. 2023 Dec 13;11:e16609. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16609

Table 2. Soil physicochemical parameters of collection sites of differently adapted populations of star weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) collected from Punjab province.

Ecological regions	Collection sites	Soil texture	ECe (dS m⁻¹)	pH	OM (%)	SP (%)	PO³⁻₄ (mg Kg⁻¹)	NO⁻₃ (mg Kg⁻¹)	Cl− (mg Kg⁻¹)	Ca²⁺ (mg Kg⁻¹)	Na⁺ (mg Kg⁻¹)	K⁺ (mg Kg⁻¹)
Near wasteland	RYK	Loamy	6.73^a	6.2^j	0.35^e	36^c	3.1^b	3.3^c	567.8^a	156.1^a	398.9^a	64.4^j
	SDK	Sandy	0.76^h	8.4^g	0.42^d	16^gh	1.6^g	2.9^d	83.4^h	54.2^g	54.2ⁱ	70.1ⁱ
	KHP	Loamy	6.69^a	8.8^b	0.28^g	38^b	3.4^ab	4.0^b	434.5^b	67.7^ef	297.1^b	260.3^b
Along water channel	BWP	Sandy	0.96^g	8.7^c	0.28^g	17^gh	1.9^d	2.9^d	102.7^g	71.9^e	147.8^f	80.8^g
	LAP	Sandy	3.46^c	8.0^h	0.35^e	15^h	2.2^c	3.2^c	389.1^c	97.3^c	297.1^b	180.9^d
	AHP	Sandy	1.06^f	8.6^d	0.42^d	16^gh	1.9^d	3.5^c	130.5^f	63.5^f	164.1^e	148.5^e
	MUL	Loamy sand	4.33^b	7.8ⁱ	0.56^a	22^d	2.2^c	3.2^c	72.1^j	60.2^f	266.1^c	276.3^a
Along roadside	VEH	Loamy	1.15^e	8.2^f	0.21^h	32^d	3.1^b	4.3^b	109.8^g	78.7^d	180.7^d	124.1^f
	DGK	Clayey loam	1.19^e	8.7^b	0.28^g	38^b	3.4^ab	4.0^b	72.1^j	66.7^ef	60.8^h	258.3^b
	RJP	Loamy sand	0.90^g	8.5^e	0.26^g	16^gh	1.8^d	2.8^d	100.7^g	70.9^e	145.8^f	79.8^g
	JHG	Loamy	3.01^c	8.0^h	0.35^e	15^h	2.2^c	3.2^c	389.1^c	97.3^c	61.8^h	180.9^d
Near agriculture field	MUZ	Sandy	1.33^d	8.2^f	0.28^g	17^gh	1.9^d	2.0^e	178.6^e	110.9^b	134.0^g	80.1^g
	SAR	Sandy	0.77^h	8.5^e	0.45^b	18^f	1.9^d	4.0^b	79.6ⁱ	77.1^d	175.0^d	75.2^h
	FSD	Sandy	1.08^f	8.7^c	0.43^bd	19^e	2.3^c	4.0^b	111.6^g	104.3^bc	147.1^f	196.6^c
	LYH	Loamy	1.20^de	8.9^a	0.31^f	42^a	3.6^a	5.1^a	198.3^d	94.3^c	88.9^g	276.8^a
		LSD	0.5	1.0	0.5	6.0	0.5	1.0	7.0	6.0	25.8	6.0

Notes:

Means shearing similar letter in each row are not statistically significant.

*Significant at P < 0.05, **Significant at P < 0.01, ***Significant at P < 0.001, NS, not significant.

Abbreviations are given as footnote of Figs. 7 and 8.