Table 3.

Fetuses with retrograde systolic isthmic flow vs. all other fetuses.

	All other fetuses	n	Retrograde systolic isthmic flow	n	p
Fetal cardiac examination
Gestational age (weeks)	35.1 [3.9]	32	36.6 [3.9]	19	0.09
Estimated weight by MR (g)	2,627 [1,032]	32	2,820 [1,076]	19	0.3
Fetal growth restriction	4 (13)	32	3 (16)	19	1
Associated cardiac anomalies
L-SVC	2 (7)	27	0 (0)	19	0.3
VSD	5 (19)	27	2 (11)	19	0.6
Atrial septal aneurysm	11 (41)	27	0 (0)	19	0 . 001
RAS	1 (4)	27	6 (32)	19	0 . 02
Fetal echocardiogram
Foramen ovale flow
Right–left	12 (44)	27	2 (11)	19	<0 . 001
Bidirectional	14 (52)		5 (26)
Left–right	0 (0)		9 (47)
None	1 (4)		3 (16)
Fetal CMR
Descending aorta flow
Indexed total flow (ml/kg/min)	261 [97]	30	253 [72]	17	0 . 035
Indexed peak flow (ml/kg/s)	11.6 [2.7]	30	10.9 [4.0]	17	0.2
Indexed minimum flow (ml/kg/s)	0.9 [1.3]	30	0.5 [1.1]	17	0.09
Quotient minimum flow/total flow	0.2 [0.3]	30	0.1 [0.3]	17	0.1
Upslope/net flow (ml/s)	0.032 [0.1]	30	0.038 [0.01]	17	0.2
Downslope/net flow (ml/s)	−0.016 [0.01]	30	−0.021 [0.01]	17	0 . 03
Indexed net flow (ml/kg)	1.3 [0.4]	30	0.8 [0.3]	17	0 . 03
Mean max velocity (cm/s)	67.8 [15.5]	30	70.7 [20]	17	0.3
Mean min velocity (cm/s)	7.8 [5.2]	30	7.5 [5.8]	17	0.3
Mean max–mean min velocity	57.5 [14.8]	30	66.2 [23.6]	17	0.1
Umbilical vein flow
Total flow (ml/kg/min)	161 [81]	22	113 [75]	14	0 . 04
DAo/UV flow	1.8 [0.7]	20	2.2 [0.7]	12	0.17
Postpartum outcome
Gestational age (weeks)	39.6 [1.7]	32	39.1 [2.2]	19	0.7
Weight (g)	3,421 [729]	32	3,284 [593]	19	0.3
Small for gestational age	3 (9)	32	4 (21)	19	0.4
Female sex	13 (43)	30	7 (37)	19	0.8
Neonatal cardiac operation	7 (22)	32	17 (89)	19	<0 . 001
Age at operation (days)	5 [7]	7	5 [3]	17	0.4
Neonatal death	1 (3)a	32	4 (21)	19	0 . 058
One-year mortality	1 (3)a	32	5 (26)	19	0 . 02

Data are presented as median [IQR] or n (%).

^a newborn with critical aortic stenosis dying because of metabolic disease.

Bold values indicate significant p-values.