Table 5:
Effects on Upstream and Downstream Firms
| Log sales (1) | TFP (2) | Log repairs (3) | Log maintenance (4) | Log injuries (5) | Log bonus (6) | Log strikes (7) | Prob training (8) | Log inventory (9) | Log product lines (10) | Prob marketing (11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Panel A: Baseline results | |||||||||||
| J-I × Post | 0.002 | 0.043*** | 0.029 | −0.021 | 0.037 | 0.032 | 0.029 | −0.027 | −0.036** | −0.004 | 0.019 |
| (0.006) | (0.013) | (0.027) | (0.034) | (0.028) | (0.025) | (0.021) | (0.025) | (0.014) | (0.015) | (0.023) | |
| J-R × Post | −0.001 | 0.060*** | 0.020 | −0.048 | −0.007 | 0.015 | −0.113*** | 0.426*** | 0.007 | −0.002 | −0.027 |
| (0.006) | (0.011) | (0.026) | (0.038) | (0.025) | (0.024) | (0.022) | (0.037) | (0.011) | (0.014) | (0.024) | |
| J-M × Post | −0.000 | 0.071*** | 0.020 | 0.045 | 0.009 | −0.007 | 0.021 | −0.053** | −0.269*** | 0.020* | 0.321*** |
| (0.006) | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.039) | (0.023) | (0.025) | (0.018) | (0.024) | (0.052) | (0.011) | (0.042) | |
| Observations | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 |
| R2 | 0.855 | 0.426 | 0.232 | 0.221 | 0.221 | 0.278 | 0.208 | 0.314 | 0.301 | 0.186 | 0.278 |
| Panel B: Differentiating between old and new firms | |||||||||||
| J-I × Post | −0.004 | 0.024 | −0.021 | 0.021 | −0.015 | 0.060 | 0.027 | −0.006 | −0.048*** | −0.005 | 0.033 |
| (0.005) | (0.018) | (0.036) | (0.055) | (0.039) | (0.038) | (0.031) | (0.037) | (0.010) | (0.018) | (0.037) | |
| J-R × Post | 0.001 | 0.057*** | 0.018 | −0.078 | −0.012 | 0.019 | −0.122*** | 0.461*** | 0.003 | −0.000 | 0.029 |
| (0.004) | (0.017) | (0.041) | (0.066) | (0.044) | (0.036) | (0.029) | (0.059) | (0.012) | (0.020) | (0.039) | |
| J-M × Post | −0.001 | 0.083*** | 0.016 | 0.020 | 0.004 | −0.010 | 0.008 | −0.042 | −0.418*** | 0.039** | 0.332*** |
| (0.004) | (0.029) | (0.037) | (0.065) | (0.039) | (0.032) | (0.031) | (0.032) | (0.078) | (0.018) | (0.050) | |
| J-I × Post × Pre-TWI firm | 0.005 | 0.035 | 0.083 | −0.079 | 0.087 | −0.052 | 0.002 | −0.035 | 0.017 | 0.001 | −0.032 |
| (0.007) | (0.024) | (0.051) | (0.073) | (0.053) | (0.048) | (0.042) | (0.046) | (0.022) | (0.025) | (0.039) | |
| J-R × Post × Pre-TWI firm | −0.002 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.051 | 0.007 | −0.006 | 0.016 | −0.056 | 0.006 | −0.003 | −0.088 |
| (0.007) | (0.021) | (0.050) | (0.079) | (0.050) | (0.050) | (0.043) | (0.073) | (0.017) | (0.028) | (0.059) | |
| J-M × Post × Pre-TWI firm | 0.000 | −0.021 | 0.005 | 0.041 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.020 | −0.021 | 0.243*** | −0.030 | −0.020 |
| (0.007) | (0.034) | (0.046) | (0.084) | (0.053) | (0.044) | (0.040) | (0.049) | (0.091) | (0.023) | (0.062) | |
| Observations | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 | 10,594 |
| R2 | 0.907 | 0.433 | 0.235 | 0.224 | 0.224 | 0.280 | 0.210 | 0.317 | 0.312 | 0.187 | 0.295 |
Notes. The sample used for this table includes 1,816 upstream and downstream firms linked to 1,572 firms that applied to the TWI program. Out of 1,816 upstream and downstream firms, 1,102 firms are in the supply chain of applicant firms that received at most one training. We use these 1,102 firms to obtain the results included in this table. The training variables are: J-I = 1 for firms linked to applicants that received the Job-Instructions training; J-R = 1 for firms linked to applicants that received the Job-Relations training; J-M = 1 for firms linked to applicants that received the Job-Methods training. The distance from the TWI intervention is imputed using the distance from the TWI program of the applicant firm with which the upstream/downstream firm has a contractual relationship. If an upstream/downstream firm joins the supply chain of an applicant firm after the latter received the TWI program, period 0 identifies the year of entry in the supply chain. Pre-TWI firm is equal to 1 for firms that were in the supply chain of applicants before the start of the TWI program. In panel A, the regressions also include the training variables by themselves, the Pre-TWI firm dummy by itself, a dummy for firms that are upstream with respect to the trained firm, as well as fixed effects for county-sector-period combinations, the application window of the applicant firm, and the number of days between the opening of the window and the firm application. Panel B shows the results of triple-difference specifications. These regressions also include the interaction between the training variable and the Pre-TWI firm dummy, the interaction between the period fixed effects and the Pre-TWI firm dummy, the training variables by themselves, the Pre-TWI firm dummy by itself, a dummy for firms that are upstream with respect to the trained firm, as well as fixed effects for county-sector-period combinations, the application window of the applicant firm, and the number of days between the opening of the window and the firm application. Standard errors are clustered at the level of subdistricts and application windows.
p<0.01
p<0.05
p<0.1.