Table 4.
Methods of studies on impact of Ramadan fasting on kidney transplantation recipients.
| Reference | Type | Number of centers | Nonfasting controls (Y/N) | Sex (M/F) | Average age (years) | Dates∗ (summer: 5/15 –9/15) | Fasting duration (hours) | Minimum-maximum daily ambient temperature (°C) | Statistical analysis provided (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [76] | Prospective | S | Y | 58/42 matched? | 33.5 | 15/10–13/11/2004 | 13.5 | 10–30 | N |
| 38.3 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [77] | Prospective | S | N | 55/45 | 41.7 | 1/9–30/9/2008 | 14 | 20–39 | N |
| 44.9 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [78] | Prospective | S | N | 50/50 | 39 | NR | NR | NR | Y |
|
| |||||||||
| [79] | Prospective | S | Y | 46.5/53.5 | 43.7 | 1/8–30/8/2011 | 14.5 | 30–49 | Y |
| 57/43 | 41.8 | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [80] | Retrospective | S | Y | 64/36 | 44.2 | 19/6–27/7/2014 | 14 | 25–49 | Y |
| 62/38 | 43.6 | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [81] | Prospective | S | N | 64/36 | 38.7 | 23/2–23/3/1993 | 13 | 15–38 | Y |
| 39.9 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [82] | Prospective | S | N | 78/22 | 35.5 | 22/1/–19/2/1996 | 12.5 | 5–25 | Y |
|
| |||||||||
| [83] | Prospective | S | N | 64/36 | 26.4 | 10/1–8/2/1997 | 12.5 | 0–20 | Y |
|
| |||||||||
| [84] | Prospective | S | Y | 63/37 | 37.3 | 27/11–26/12/2000 | 12 | 10–30 | Y |
| 58/42 | 40.1 | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [85] | Prospective | S | Y | 69/31 | 39.5 | Oct-Nov/2004–2006 | 13 | 15–35 | Y |
| 76/24 | 41.5 | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| [86] | Prospective | S | N | 45/55 | 47 | 15/10–13/11/2004 | 13 | 20–30 | Y |
|
| |||||||||
| [87] | Prospective | M | Y | 71/29 | 42 | 13/9–12/10/2007 | 14 | 20–35 | Y |
| 60/40 | 43 | ||||||||
M, multicenter; S, single center; Y/N, yes/no; M/F, male/female; NR, not reported. ∗Dates for the summer months and the corresponding average temperature and average durations are for the northern hemisphere.