Figure 4. Apoptotic pathway by biochanin-A on lung cancer.

Biochanin-A cause apoptosis in lung cancer by increasing p21, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 levels. It lowers E-cadherin and blocks metastasis. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and cytokines are released to facilitate apoptosis. Soy isoflavones along with radiation therapy shows a synergistic effect in causing cell death by inhibiting APE/Ref-1 ( Singh-Gupta et al., 2011; Li et al., 2018; Wang, Li and Chen, 2018).