Table 3.

Impact of frailty on severe complications and increased hospital costs by the multivariate logistic regression

	Frail group	Non-frail group	Univariate		Multivariate
			Frailty: OR (95%CI)	P value	Frailty: OR (95%CI)	P value	Other significant predictors, OR (95%CI), P value
Severe complications
Comprehensive geriatric assessment, N = 151, n = 78	23 (15.2)	6 (7.7)	2.156 (0.839, 5.541)	0.111	-	-	Age: 1.064 (1.010, 1.122); P = 0.019. Drinking history: 3.649 (1.504, 8.855); P = 0.004. Albumin: 0.880 (0.783, 0.989); P = 0.032. Operative time: 1.008 (1.001, 1.015); P = 0.022
Fried phenotype, N = 109, n = 120	16 (14.7)	13 (10.8)	1.416 (0.647, 3.098)	0.384	-	-	Age: 1.064 (1.010, 1.122); P = 0.019. Drinking history: 3.649 (1.504, 8.855); P = 0.004. Albumin: 0.880 (0.783, 0.989); P = 0.032. Operative time: 1.008 (1.001, 1.015); P = 0.022
FRAIL scale, N = 80, n = 149	13 (16.3)	16 (10.7)	1.112 (0.866, 1.428)	0.406	-	-	Age: 1.064 (1.010, 1.122); P = 0.019. Drinking history: 3.649 (1.504, 8.855); P = 0.004. Albumin: 0.880 (0.783, 0.989); P = 0.032. Operative time: 1.008 (1.001, 1.015); P = 0.022
Increased hospital costs
Comprehensive geriatric assessment, N = 151, n = 78	46 (30.5)	11 (14.1)	2.668 (1.291, 5.513)	0.008	2.298 (1.044, 5.057)	0.039	Postoperative length of stay: 1.167 (1.098, 1.241); P < 0.001. Neoadjuvant therapy: 5.778 (1.601, 20.860); P = 0.007
Fried phenotype, N = 109, n = 120	33 (30.3)	24 (20.0)	1.737 (0.948, 3.183)	0.074	-	-	Postoperative length of stay: 1.168 (1.100, 1.241); P < 0.001. Neoadjuvant therapy: 6.348 (1.792, 22.484); P = 0.004
FRAIL scale, N = 80, n = 149	25 (31.3)	32 (21.5)	1.662 (0.900, 3.069)	0.105	-	-	Postoperative length of stay: 1.168 (1.100, 1.241); P < 0.001. Neoadjuvant therapy: 6.348 (1.792, 22.484); P = 0.004

N: Number in frailty group; n: Number in non-frailty group; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.