Table 1. Firefly species associated with the urban area of Morelia city and surrounding areas, and characteristics of their habitats.
| Species | Urban zone | Behavior and morphology | Habitat in Morelia | Elevation (m asl) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lampyrinae | |||||
| Cratomorphini | |||||
| Aspisomoides bilineatum (Gorham, 1880)* | E, P | Nocturnal, fully winged females | Wetlands and open grasses, near creeks and rivers | 1,999–2,153 | ES |
| Cratomorphus halffteri Zaragoza-Caballero, 2012** | E | Crepuscular (?); unknown females | Well preserved woods | 2,200 | ES, NT |
| Pyractomena striatella Gorham, 1880** | CA, P | Nocturnal, fully winged females | Wetlands near channels and rivers | 1,891–1,930 | ES, NT |
| Photinini | |||||
| Photinus acutiformis Zaragoza-Caballero and Cifuentes-Ruíz, 2023** | CA | Nocturnal, fully winged females (new record) | Wetlands near channels | 1,898 | ES |
| Photinus anisodrilus Zaragoza-Caballero, 2007** | U, CA, P | Nocturnal, fully winged females | Open grasses, shrubs and wetlands near channels and lake | 1,898–1,983 | ES |
| Photinus ater * | E, P | Diurnal | Shrubs, near rivers | 2,362 | ES |
| Photinus barrerae Zaragoza-Caballero and Rodríguez-Mirón, 2023* | E | Crepuscular; unknown females | Well-preserved woods, often near creeks and rivers | 2,153–2,200 | ES, NT |
| Photinus chipirietetsi Zaragoza-Caballero and Vega-Badillo, 2023** | P | Nocturnal; unknown females | Shrubs and open grasses near creeks | 2,045 | ES |
| Photinus extensus Gorham, 1881** | E | Nocturnal; females with reduced wings (brachypterous) | Well-preserved woods | 2,200 | ES |
| Photinus guillermodeltoroi Zaragoza-Caballero and Rodríguez-Mirón, 2023** | CA, P, E | Nocturnal; fully winged females (new record) | Well-preserved woods and open grasses near creeks and lakes | 1,983–2,200 | ES, NT |
| Photinus leobonillai Zaragoza-Caballero and Domínguez-León 2023** | E | Nocturnal; unknown females | Well-preserved woods | 2,200 | EC (1991), NT |
| Photinus parvusater Zaragoza-Caballero, 1995* | P, E | Diurnal, fully winged females | Well-preserved woods and shrubs often near rivers and ponds | 1,983–2,200 | EC (1994), ES, NT |
| Photinus vegai Zaragoza-Caballero y Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2020** | E | Nocturnal; unknown females | Well-preserved woods | 2,200 | ES |
| Photinus zuritai Zaragoza-Caballero and Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2023** | U, CA, P, E | Crepuscular, Nocturnal; fully winged females (new record) | Well-preserved woods, public gardens, and open grasses near different water bodies | 1,904–2,200 | ES |
| Photinus sp. ca. brailovskyi Zaragoza-Caballero, 2017* | E | Diurnal; fully winged females | Well-preserved woods | 2,200 | ES |
| Photinus sp. 1 (under P. pyralis in Zaragoza-Caballero et al., 2023)* | P | Nocturnal; females with reduced wings (brachypterous) | Shrubs and open grasses near creeks | 1,999–2,045 | ES |
| Photinus sp. 2* | E | Diurnal | Well-preserved woods | 2,010–2,200 | NT |
| Pyropyga alticola Green, 1961** | P, CA, U | Diurnal; fully winged females | Public gardens, open grasses, vacant lots | 1,898–1,910 | ES, NT |
| Pyropyga minuta (LeConte, 1851) | U | Diurnal; fully winged females | Public gardens, open grasses | 1,910 | EC, ES, NT, ES |
| Pyropyga nigricans (Say, 1823)* | P | Diurnal; fully winged females | Public gardens, open grasses | 1,963 | NT, ES |
| Pleotomini | |||||
| Pleotomus emmiltos Zaragoza-Caballero, 2002** | E | Nocturnal; bioluminescent, flightless females (apterous; new record) | Well-preserved woods, open grasses | 2,185–2,200 | ES |
| Pleotomus pallens Zaragoza-Caballero, 2002* | CA | Nocturnal; flightless females (apterous) | Well-preserved open grasses | 1,983–1,999 | ES |
| Photurinae | |||||
| Photurini | |||||
| Photuris fulvipes (Blanchard, 1846)** | P, E | Crepuscular, nocturnal; fully winged predatory females | Well-preserved woods, and open grasses near channels and rivers | 1,930–2,200 | ES |
| Photuris lugubris Gorham, 1881** | E | Nocturnal; fully winged predatory females | Well-preserved woods | 2,200 | ES |
| Photuris group versicolor (Fabricius, 1798)* | U, CA, P | Nocturnal; fully winged, predatory females | Wetlands, open grasses, public gardens, near waterbodies | 1,898–2,045 | EC, ES |
| Photuris sp.* | E, P, CA | Nocturnal; fully winged, predatory females | Well preserved woods, wetlands, and meadows near waterbodies | 1,898–2,200 | ES, NT |
Notes:
Urban zones: U, urban core; CA, conservation area within the urban core; P, peri-urban; E, extra-urban. Method of sampling: EC, entomological collection of the UMSNH (sampling year indicated in the table); ES, entomological sampling (2021, 2022); NT, Naturalista citizen science project (2016 to 2022).
New records for Morelia.
New records for Michoacán, mainly based on Zaragoza-Caballero et al. (2020, 2023) and Pérez-Hernández, Zaragoza-Caballero & Romo-Galicia (2022).