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. 2023 Dec 14;11:e16622. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16622

Table 1. Firefly species associated with the urban area of Morelia city and surrounding areas, and characteristics of their habitats.

Species Urban zone Behavior and morphology Habitat in Morelia Elevation (m asl) Source
Lampyrinae
Cratomorphini
Aspisomoides bilineatum (Gorham, 1880)* E, P Nocturnal, fully winged females Wetlands and open grasses, near creeks and rivers 1,999–2,153 ES
Cratomorphus halffteri Zaragoza-Caballero, 2012** E Crepuscular (?); unknown females Well preserved woods 2,200 ES, NT
Pyractomena striatella Gorham, 1880** CA, P Nocturnal, fully winged females Wetlands near channels and rivers 1,891–1,930 ES, NT
Photinini
Photinus acutiformis Zaragoza-Caballero and Cifuentes-Ruíz, 2023** CA Nocturnal, fully winged females (new record) Wetlands near channels 1,898 ES
Photinus anisodrilus Zaragoza-Caballero, 2007** U, CA, P Nocturnal, fully winged females Open grasses, shrubs and wetlands near channels and lake 1,898–1,983 ES
Photinus ater * E, P Diurnal Shrubs, near rivers 2,362 ES
Photinus barrerae Zaragoza-Caballero and Rodríguez-Mirón, 2023* E Crepuscular; unknown females Well-preserved woods, often near creeks and rivers 2,153–2,200 ES, NT
Photinus chipirietetsi Zaragoza-Caballero and Vega-Badillo, 2023** P Nocturnal; unknown females Shrubs and open grasses near creeks 2,045 ES
Photinus extensus Gorham, 1881** E Nocturnal; females with reduced wings (brachypterous) Well-preserved woods 2,200 ES
Photinus guillermodeltoroi Zaragoza-Caballero and Rodríguez-Mirón, 2023** CA, P, E Nocturnal; fully winged females (new record) Well-preserved woods and open grasses near creeks and lakes 1,983–2,200 ES, NT
Photinus leobonillai Zaragoza-Caballero and Domínguez-León 2023** E Nocturnal; unknown females Well-preserved woods 2,200 EC (1991), NT
Photinus parvusater Zaragoza-Caballero, 1995* P, E Diurnal, fully winged females Well-preserved woods and shrubs often near rivers and ponds 1,983–2,200 EC (1994), ES, NT
Photinus vegai Zaragoza-Caballero y Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2020** E Nocturnal; unknown females Well-preserved woods 2,200 ES
Photinus zuritai Zaragoza-Caballero and Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2023** U, CA, P, E Crepuscular, Nocturnal; fully winged females (new record) Well-preserved woods, public gardens, and open grasses near different water bodies 1,904–2,200 ES
Photinus sp. ca. brailovskyi Zaragoza-Caballero, 2017* E Diurnal; fully winged females Well-preserved woods 2,200 ES
Photinus sp. 1 (under P. pyralis in Zaragoza-Caballero et al., 2023)* P Nocturnal; females with reduced wings (brachypterous) Shrubs and open grasses near creeks 1,999–2,045 ES
Photinus sp. 2* E Diurnal Well-preserved woods 2,010–2,200 NT
Pyropyga alticola Green, 1961** P, CA, U Diurnal; fully winged females Public gardens, open grasses, vacant lots 1,898–1,910 ES, NT
Pyropyga minuta (LeConte, 1851) U Diurnal; fully winged females Public gardens, open grasses 1,910 EC, ES, NT, ES
Pyropyga nigricans (Say, 1823)* P Diurnal; fully winged females Public gardens, open grasses 1,963 NT, ES
Pleotomini
Pleotomus emmiltos Zaragoza-Caballero, 2002** E Nocturnal; bioluminescent, flightless females (apterous; new record) Well-preserved woods, open grasses 2,185–2,200 ES
Pleotomus pallens Zaragoza-Caballero, 2002* CA Nocturnal; flightless females (apterous) Well-preserved open grasses 1,983–1,999 ES
Photurinae
Photurini
Photuris fulvipes (Blanchard, 1846)** P, E Crepuscular, nocturnal; fully winged predatory females Well-preserved woods, and open grasses near channels and rivers 1,930–2,200 ES
Photuris lugubris Gorham, 1881** E Nocturnal; fully winged predatory females Well-preserved woods 2,200 ES
Photuris group versicolor (Fabricius, 1798)* U, CA, P Nocturnal; fully winged, predatory females Wetlands, open grasses, public gardens, near waterbodies 1,898–2,045 EC, ES
Photuris sp.* E, P, CA Nocturnal; fully winged, predatory females Well preserved woods, wetlands, and meadows near waterbodies 1,898–2,200 ES, NT

Notes:

Urban zones: U, urban core; CA, conservation area within the urban core; P, peri-urban; E, extra-urban. Method of sampling: EC, entomological collection of the UMSNH (sampling year indicated in the table); ES, entomological sampling (2021, 2022); NT, Naturalista citizen science project (2016 to 2022).

*

New records for Morelia.