Table 2.4.

Criteria for screening for diabetes or prediabetes in asymptomatic adults

1. Testing should be considered in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or ≥23 kg/m2 in Asian American individuals) who have one or more of the following risk factors:

• First-degree relative with diabetes

• High-risk race and ethnicity (e.g., African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)

• History of cardiovascular disease

• Hypertension (≥130/80 mmHg or on therapy for hypertension)

• HDL cholesterol level <35 mg/dL (<0.9 mmol/L) and/or a triglyceride level >250 mg/dL (>2.8 mmol/L)

• Individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome

• Physical inactivity

• Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)

2. People with prediabetes (A1C ≥5.7% [≥39 mmol/mol], IGT, or IFG) should be tested yearly.

3. People who were diagnosed with GDM should have lifelong testing at least every 3 years.

4. For all other people, testing should begin at age 35 years.

5. If results are normal, testing should be repeated at a minimum of 3-year intervals, with consideration of more frequent testing depending on initial results and risk status.

6. People with HIV, exposure to high-risk medicines, history of pancreatitis

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.