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. 2023 Dec 12;18:2971–2983. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S436879

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© 2023 Su et al.

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Global distribution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributable to occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes burden in terms of deaths (A), ASMR (B) and ASDR (C) in 2019.

Abbreviations: ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized DALYs rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life year.