Table 3.

List of locations with soils suppressive to Fusarium diseases known to date, with a pathosystem, disease and the underlying suppression mechanism.

Pathogen	Disease	Country	Suppression mechanism	References
F. culmorum	Seedling blight of barley	Denmark	Soil microbiota that has a more efficient cellulolytic activity	Rasmussen et al., 2002
F. culmorum	F. culmorum disease in wheat	Netherlands and Germany	No specific taxa, but a guild of bacteria working together	Ossowicki et al., 2020
F. graminearum	No disease supression tested, only fungistasis	Britanny, France	Pseudomonas and Bacillus	Legrand et al., 2019
F. graminearum Fg1	Wheat damping-off	Serbia	Under progress	Todorović et al., unpublished data
F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis	Bayoud vascular wilt of palm tree	Marocco	Competition with soil microbiota	Rouxel and Sedra, 1989
F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis	Fusarium wilt of watermelon	Châteaurenard, France	Competition with soil microbiota including non-pathogenic Fusarium	Louvet et al., 1976; Alabouvette et al., 1985
F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	Fusarium wilt of strawberry	Korea	Streptomyces, wilt-suppressive soil that was developed through monoculture	Cha et al., 2016
F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi	Vascular wilting disease of carnations	Albenga, Italy	Competition with other Fusarium	Garibaldi et al., 1983
F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas	Fusarium wilt on sweet potato	California, USA	No data	Smith and Snyder, 1971
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Ayodhya district, India	Bacillus licheniformis producing anti-fungal secondary metabolites	Yadav et al., 2021
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Gran Canaria, Spain	Sodium in soil	Domínguez et al., 1996
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Indonesia	Pseudomonas and Burkholderia	Nisrina et al., 2021
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and Guatemala	Clay mineralogy, presence of montmorillonite-type clay in suppressive soil	Stotzky and Torrence Martin, 1963
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Hainan, China	Pseudomonas inducing jasmonate and salicylic acid pathways and shared core microbiome in suppressive soils	Shen et al., 2015b; Zhou et al., 2019; Shen et al., 2022; Lv et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023
F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	Fusarium wilt of banana disease	Yunnan, China	Bacillus and Sphingomonas negatively correlated to F. oxysporum. B. velezensis strain YN1910 presented biocontrol properties	Fan et al., 2023
F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum	Fusarium wilt of cape gooseberry	Colombia	Higher prevalence of certain bacterial taxa	Bautista et al., 2023
F. oxysporum f. sp. physalis	Fusarium wilt of cucumber	California, USA	Pseudomonas siderophores and lytic bacteria	Sneh et al., 1984
F. oxysporum f. sp. lini	Fusarium wilt of flax	California, USA	Pseudomonas siderophores	Kloepper et al., 1980
F. oxysporum f. sp. lini	Fusarium wilt of flax	Carmagnola and Santena, Italy	Competition with other Fusarium	Tamietti and Pramotton, 1990
F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici	Fusarium wilt of tomato	Noirmoutier, France	Non-pathogenic F. oxysporum	Tamietti and Alabouvette, 1986
F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici	Fusarium wilt of wheat	Albenga, Italy	Non-pathogenic F. oxysporum inducing plant defense	Tamietti and Matta, 1984
F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici	Fusarium wilt of tomato	Albenga, Italy	Non-pathogenic F. oxysporum inducing plant defense	Tamietti et al., 1993
F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum	Fusarium wilt of watermelon	Florida, USA	Wilt-suppressive soil that was developed through monoculture	Larkin et al., 1993
F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis- cucumerinum	Cucumber crown and root rot	Israel	Suppressiveness induced by mixing sandy soil with wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) debris under field conditions	Klein et al., 2013
F. udum Butl.	Wilt of pigeon-pea	Dehli, India	Soil microbiota	Vasudeva and Roy, 1950