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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: Food Funct. 2020 Jun 24;11(6):4940–4952. doi: 10.1039/d0fo00616e

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effects of 5DN treatment on (A) protein levels and (B) mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colonic mucosa of AOM/DSS-treated mice. Samples were randomly collected from the middle and distal colon, and then subjected to ELISA or qRT-PCR analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The level of IL-1β and IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression was normalized to that of β-actin. Asterisks indicate statistically significance in comparison with control (p < 0.01, n=3) by Student’s-t test.