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. 2023 Dec 18;23:276. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01530-z

Table 1.

Summary of the clinical and pathological features of primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma, including previously reported cases and our two cases

References Patients’ characteristics Tumors Diagnosis Pathology Treatment Outcome Follow-up
(name) (year) Age (year) Sex symptoms Side Size (cm) Extension Procedure Positive staining Months
Our case 71 F Pain (abdominal) R 10 IVC Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) SMA, desmin and vimentin None Dead 8
Our case 45 F Pain (back) and nausea L 7 IVC and renal vein Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) SMA, desmin and vimentin None Dead 1
Lin H. [19] 2023 56 M ND R 7.4 IVC and renal vein Needle biopsy (liver) SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy Alive 6
Wang YH. [20] 2023 74 F Pain (abdominal) L 3.4 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy Alive ND
Oshidari B. [21] 2022 32 F Pain (abdominal) R 10.6 IVC Operative pathology SMA, desmin and vimentin Adrenalectomy Alive 2
Waack A. [22] 2022 58 F Pain (abdominal) L 5.5 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin, and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy Alive 30
Wang Y. [23] 2020 29 F None R 3.4 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin, and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy Alive 12
Jabarkhel F. [24] 2020 58 F Pain (abdominal) L 6 Metastasis (liver) Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin, and h-caldesmon Chemotherapy Alive 13
66 M None R 7.5 IVC and metastasis (thoracic wall, femur and muscle) Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) SMA, desmin, h-caldesmon and CD163 Adrenalectomy and chemotherapy Alive 23
72 M Pain (abdominal) L 10 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy and radiation Alive 48
Sakellariou M. [25] 2020 62 M None L 10.3 Metastasis (bone, liver and pulmonary) Operative pathology SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy, chemotherapy and radiation Alive 31
Doppalapudi SK. [12] 2019 70 M Abdominal varices R 9 IVC and metastasis (lung) Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy + thrombectomy Dead 14
Nerli RB. [26] 2019 27 M Pain (back) L 9 None Operative pathology Desmin and h-caldesmon Adrenalectomy ND ND
Mulani SR. [27] 2018 50 M Pain (abdominal) L 8.1 Metastasis (liver and lung) Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) Desmin, cytokeratin, MAK6, WT1 and S100 Chemotherapy and radiation ND ND
Onishi T. [28] 2016 34 M Pain (abdominal) R 5 IVC Operative pathology SMA Adrenalectomy Alive 10
Zhou Y. [2] 2015 49 F Pain (back) L 6 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin and vimentin Adrenalectomy Alive 6
Quildrian S. [29] 2015 44 F Pain (abdominal) R 12 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin, h-caldesmon and HHF Adrenalectomy Alive 36
Nagaraj V. [1] 2015 61 M Pain (flank) L 17 None Operative pathology Desmin and vimentin Adrenalectomy ND ND
Ozturk H. [9] 2014 70 F Pain (flank) R 8 IVC Operative pathology SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy and chemotherapy Alive 6
Lee S. [30] 2014 28 M Pain (flank) R 15 None Operative pathology SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy Alive 8
Gulpinar MT. [31] 2014 48 M Lower urinary tract symptom R 11 None Operative pathology SMA and vimentin Adrenalectomy Alive 8
Bhalla A. [17] 2014 45 M Pain (abdominal) R 11 Metastasis (liver) Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) Desmin and actin Chemotherapy Alive 9
Wei J. [32] 2014 57 F None L 8 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin and actin Adrenalectomy Alive 29
Alam MM. [33] 2014 35 F Pain (flank) L 8.5 None Operative pathology ND Adrenalectomy ND ND
Deshmukh SD. [34] 2013 60 F Pain (flank) L 5 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin and vimentin Adrenalectomy Alive 21
Liu SV. [35] 2012 79 F Pain (abdominal) L 6.3 ND Operative pathology ND Adrenalectomy Alive 12
Shao IH. [8] 2012 66 M Abdominal fullness and nausea L 10 Renal vein Operative pathology SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy Alive 18
Kanthan R. [36] 2012 28 F Pain (abdominal) L 16 Kidney Operative pathology SMA and vimentin Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy ND ND
Karaosmanoglu A. [16] 2010 63 M Pain (abdominal) R ND IVC Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) Desmin, vimentin, actin and keratin Chemotherapy Dead 3
Hamada S. [37] 2009 62 F Pain (flank) Bil 8 None Operative pathology SMA Adrenalectomy, chemotherapy and radiation Dead 16
Van Laarhoreu HW. [15] 2009 78 M Pain (abdominal) L ND Metastasis (lung, pancreas, bone and brain) Needle biopsy (adrenal gland) SMA, vimentin and actin Radiation Dead 11 days
Goto J 2008 73 F Pain (flank) R 8 IVC and kidney Operative pathology SMA and NSE Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy Alive 10
Mencoboni M. [38] 2008 75 F None R 8 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin and actin Adrenalectomy Alive 12
Mohanty SK. [39] 2007 47 F Pain (abdominal) L 10 None Operative pathology Desmin, calpinin and actin Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy and radiation Alive 9
Wang TS. [7] 2007 64 F None R 14 IVC and right atrium Operative pathology SMA and desmin Adrenalectomy + thrombectomy Alive 10
Lee CW. [40] 2006 49 M Pain (flank) L 3 None Operative pathology Desmin Adrenalectomy Alive 10
Wong C. [6] 2005 57 M Pain (groin) L ND IVC and both iliac veins Operative pathology ND Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy + thrombectomy Dead 6
Candanedo-Gonzalez FA. [41] 2005 59 F Pain (flank) and weight loss L 16 Metastasis (liver) Operative pathology Desmin, vimentin and actin Adrenalectomy, chemotherapy and radiation Alive 36
Kato T. [5] 2004 59 M ND L 10 IVC Operative pathology SMA, desmin and vimentin Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy + thrombectomy Dead 6
Linos D. [42] 2004 14 F None Bil 3.5 None Operative pathology SMA, vimentin, actin and HHF Adrenalectomy ND ND
Thamboo TP. [43] 2003 68 F Pain (loin) and fever R 13 None Operative pathology SMA, desmin, vimentin and actin Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy + hepatic lobectomy + cholecystectomy and chemotherapy Alive 12
Lujan MG. [44] 2003 63 M None R 25 Metastasis (lung, liver and kidney) Needle biopsy (lung) ND Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy Dead shortly
Matsui Y. [4] 2002 61 F Pain (flank) and fever R ND IVC and right atrium Operative pathology SMA Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy + thrombectomy Dead 1
Etten B. [14] 2001 73 F Pain (abdominal) R 27 IVC Operative pathology SMA Exploratory laparotomy Dead 3 weeks
Boman F. [13] 1997 29 M Autopsy L 0.8 None Autopsy SMA and HHF None ND ND
Zetler PJ. [45] 1995 30 M Pain (abdominal) L 11 ND Operative pathology SMA Adrenalectomy Alive 20
Hayashi J. [46] 1995 55 F Pain (abdominal) and fever R ND IVC, hepatic vein and right atrium Operative pathology ND Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy Alive 52
Lack EE. [3] 1991 49 M Pain (flank) R 11 None Operative pathology SMA, vimentin and actin Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy, chemotherapy and radiation Alive 9
Choi SH. [47] 1981 50 F Pain (flank) L 16 Kidney Operative pathology ND Adrenalectomy + nephrectomy Alive 12

F Female, M Male, R Right, L Left, Bil Bilateral, ND Not disclosed, IVC Inferior vena cava, SMA Smooth muscle actin