Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Clinical characteristics | Overall N=280 | None/Mild MAC N=249 | Moderate/Severe MAC N=31 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 76.7 [10.8] | 76.4 [11.0] | 79.0 [8.3] | 0.21 |
| Female | 121 (43.2) | 102 (41.0) | 19 (61.3) | 0.03* |
| Hypertension | 196 (70.0) | 175 (70.3) | 21 (67.7) | 0.77 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 164 (59.0) | 150 (60.7) | 14 (45.2) | 0.09 |
| Smoking | 35 (12.5) | 31 (12.4) | 4 (12.9) | 0.94 |
| Coronary artery disease | 104 (37.1) | 88 (35.3) | 16 (51.6) | 0.07 |
| Frailty | 192 (68.6) | 171 (68.7) | 21 (67.7) | 0.91 |
| Diabetes | 76 (27.1) | 60 (24.1) | 16 (51.6) | 0.001* |
| Prior stroke | 34 (12.1) | 25 (10.0) | 9 (29.0) | 0.006* |
| Dialysis | 19 (6.8) | 10 (4.0) | 9 (29.0) | <0.001* |
| Prior MI | 51 (18.3) | 46 (18.5) | 5 (16.1) | 0.74 |
| Prior pacemaker | 41 (14.6) | 35 (14.1) | 6 (19.4) | 0.42 |
| Prior ICD | 43 (15.4) | 41 (16.5) | 2 (6.5) | 0.19 |
| Prior CABG | 68 (24.3) | 59 (23.7) | 9 (29.0) | 0.51 |
| Prior PCI | 60 (21.4) | 50 (20.1) | 10 (32.3) | 0.11 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 [6.0] | 26.1 [6.05] | 26.5 [5.6] | 0.71 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.88 [0.27] | 1.88 [0.22] | 1.81 [0.22] | 0.16 |
| NYHA class | ||||
| I | 8 (2.9) | 8 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0.63 |
| II | 47 (17.2) | 43 (17.8) | 4 (12.9) | |
| III | 181 (66.3) | 159 (65.7) | 22 (71.0) | |
| IV | 37 (13.6) | 32 (13.2) | 5 (16.1) | |
| STS risk MV repair (%) | 5.3 [5.6] | 4.8 [5.2] | 9.1 [7.2] | 0.006* |
| BNP, pg/mL | 904.0 [1006.2] | 888.0 [1023.6] | 1067.5 [821.6] | 0.54 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.5 [2.1] | 11.6 [2.1] | 10.7 [2.5] | 0.04* |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (IQR: 0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (IQR: 0.9–1.5) | 1.5 (IQR: 1.1–2.4) | 0.01* |
Values are expressed as mean [SD], N (%), or median (IQR). BMI indicates body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; ICD, implantable cardioverter/defibrillator; IQR, interquartile range; MAC, mitral annular calcification; MI, myocardial infarction; MV, mitral valve; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and STS, Society for Thoracic Surgeons.
*
P<0.05.